1. The greatest flare of a Soft Gamma Repeater
On December the greatest flare from SGR was detected by many satellites: Swift, RHESSI, Konus-Wind, Coronas-F, Integral, HEND, …
100 times brighter than ever!
Palmer et al.
Astro-ph/

2. Подборку оригинальных статей можно найти здесь: http://xray. sai. msu
Подборку оригинальных статей можно найти здесь:

3. Magnetars in the Galaxy
4 SGRs, 8 AXPs, plus candidates, plus radio pulsars with high magnetic fields …
Young objects (about 104 yrs).
Probably about 10% of all NSs.

4. Alternative theory Fossil disk Mereghetti, Stella 1995
Van Paradijs et al.1995
Alpar 2001
Marsden et al. 2001
Problems …..
How to generate strong bursts?

5. Why “magnetars”? dE/dt > dErot/dt
By definition: magnetically-powered NSs
P-Pdot
Direct field measurements (Ibrahim et al.)

6. Known magnetars AXPs SGRs CXOU 010043.1-72 0526-66 4U 0142+61 1627-41
1 RXS J
XTE J 1E
AX J 1E
SGRs
+candidates

7. Magnetic field measurements
Direct measurement of the magnetic field of the SGR
Spin-down
Long periods
Ibrahim et al. 2002

8. Are SGRs and AXPs relatives?
SGR-like bursts from AXPs
Spectral properties
Quiet periods of SGRs ( since 1983)
Gavriil et al. 2002

9. Historical notes
05 March Cone experiment. Venera-11,12 (Mazets et al.)
Event in LMC. SGR
Fluence: about 10-3 erg/cm2
Mazets et al. 1979

10. Main types of activity of SGRs
Weak burst. L<1041 erg/s
Intermed. bursts.L=1041–1043 erg/s
Giant bursts. L<1045 erg/s
Hyperflares. L>1046 erg/s
See a review in
Woods, Thompson
astro-ph/

11. Common (weak) bursts from SGRS and AXPs
Typical burst from SGR , SGR and from AXP 1E observed by RXTE (from Woods, Thompson, 2004, astro-ph/ )
(from Woods, Thompson 2004)

12. Intermediate SGR bursts
Four intermediate bursts. However, the forth is sometimes considered as a giant one (from Woods, Thompson)
(from Woods, Thompson 2004)

13. Giant flare from SGR 1900+14 (27 Aug 1998)
Data from Ulysses (figure from Hurley et al. 1999a)
Spike 0.35 sec
P=5.16 sec
L> erg/s
ETOTAL>1044 erg
Influenced the Earth ionosphere
Hurley et al. 1999

14. 27 Dec 2004 giant outburst of SGR 1806-20
Spike 0.2 sec
Fluence 1 erg/cm2
E(spike) erg
L(spike) erg/s
Long tail (400 s)
P=7.65 s
E(tail) erg
Distance 15 kpc

15. Konus-Wind data om SGR 1806-20 27 Dec 2004 flare
Mazets et al. 2005

16. SGR giant flares vs. GRBs
Woods et al.

17. SGRs and starformation
Possibility of a SGR detection outside the Local group of galaxies
Starforming galaxies are the best sites for a search
<5 Mpc. M82, M83, NGC 253
About 40 Mpc. Arp 299, NGC 3256
Possible candidates in the BATSE catalogue of short GRBs
(Popov, Stern 2005)

18. Theory of magnetars Thompson, Duncan ApJ 408, 194 (1993)
Entropy-driven convection in young NSs generate strong magnetic field
Twist of magnetic field lines

19. Magnetars origin (a speculative discussion)
Fast rotation is necessary (Thompson, Duncan)
Spin-up of a progenitor star in a binary via accretion or synchronization
Coalescence
About 10% of NSs (Popov, Prokhorov 2005)