1. Chapter 15 - Africa

2. Map Skills Democratic Republic of the Congo Kenya Tanzania Angola
Zambia
Malawi
Zimbabwe
Mozambique
Namibia
Botswana
South Africa
Lesotho
Swaziland
Madagascar

3. Map Skills Cameroon Central African Republic Ethiopia Somalia Uganda
Rwanda
Burundi
Equatorial Guinea
Gabon
Republic of the Congo

4. Africans Enslaved Europeans wanted slaves Growth of slave trade
Before 1600, 2,000 per year
By 1780, 70,000+ per year
Most taken to plantations in the Americas, replacing American Indians as slaves
Up to 25% (1/4) died on the voyage

5. End of Slave Trade
After slavery, Africans found better ways of producing wealth
England’s navy helped stop the slave trade

6. Post-Slavery Progress
Africa transitioned from providing slaves to providing raw materials to Europe and America
Gathering-based economy – people made money gathering and selling natural resources

7. Post-Slavery Progress
Ivory, beeswax, honey, cotton, rubber, cocoa, peanuts, palm oil

8. Post-Slavery Progress
Fewer wars as tribes stopped kidnapping for the slave trade
Population increased
More stability & less migration
Unification
Economically due to trade
Culturally due to conquest

9. Post-Slavery Progress
Modernization
Industry
Military
Education
Representation
Some Africans demanded a voice in government

10. Dark Continent Explored
Reasons for exploration
fame & wealth
missions
hunting big game
thrill of discovery

11. Dangers of exploration
rugged terrain
wild beasts

12. diseases - biggest danger
cannibals
diseases - biggest danger
lack of food & supplies
“I can die, but I will not go back!”
- Henry Morton Stanley

13. Malaria One of deadliest diseases explorers faced Italian for bad air
Actually caused by parasite passed by mosquito
Cure = quinine

14. Explorers Sir Richard Burton – searched for the source of Nile
Lake Victoria

15. David Livingstone Most famous African explorer
His primary purpose: to reach people for Christ
Discovered Victoria Falls
Assumed lost or dead
Found by Henry Stanley
After death, his heart was buried in Africa

16. David Livingstone

17. Evangelization Many missionaries were explorers
Missionaries contributed written languages and education, pushed for abolition, and gave medical care

18. Robert Moffat Scottish missionary to southern Africa
Evangelized many tribes
Taught later missionaries how to live in Africa
Helped bring peace through friendships with tribal chiefs
Translated the Bible

19. Samuel Ajayi Crowther Freed from slave ship by British
Became a Christian
1st African Bishop in the Anglican Church
Established a mission in Nigeria
Translated Bible into language of the Yoruba tribe

20. Imperialism
Colonialism – the conquest of one or more nations by another nation
Imperialism – dominance and power asserted by one nation over less powerful nations

21. Imperialism Began on uninhabited islands used as trading bases
Portugal was 1st nation to establish colonies in Africa
Britain began to look for other colonies after losing America
France – began a colonies in Algeria and elsewhere

22. Imperialism
From , Africa was conquered by Europe and divided into 40 colonies
Ethiopia and Liberia were the only areas never colonized

23. Imperialism: Motives Economic Reasons
Raw materials
Markets to sell products
Areas for investment
Nationalistic Reasons – conquest of colonies was seen as sign of strength
Religious Reasons – some Europeans saw it as opportunity for missions

24. Imperialism: Motives Racism Many Europeans saw themselves as superior
Evolution supported this belief

25. Imperialism: The Scramble
European nations scrambled for control
Phase I
Treaties with Africans
Phase 2
Berlin Conference: developed guidelines that led to Europe dividing Africa among themselves on paper
Phase 3
Conquest

26. Imperialism: African Reaction
Submission: some leaders refused to fight a war they knew they would lose
Alliance: some leaders allowed Europeans to take over if they could still lead
Confrontation: some fought the Europeans
Always lost
Africans with spears, bows, or muskets fought Europeans with superior weapons

27. Maxim Gun
Maxim gun
(1st machine gun)

28. Imperialism: Belgium
King Leopold II began International African Association with the stated purpose of civilizing Africa & ending slavery
Instead, he took advantage of natives to get rich
The Belgian gov’t took the land from him and called it the Belgian Congo

29. Imperialism: South Africa
Great Trek – Boers (Dutch settlers) moved north when the British took over Cape Colony
Gold and diamonds discovered on Boer land
Boer War – England v. Boers
Boers lost but were allowed to be part of gov’t
Became the Union of South Africa

30. Imperialism: Consequences
Political
Peace for a time, but loss of freedom
Over 50 new states but with badly drawn boundaries
Warring tribes combined
Tribes split apart
Learned to set up European-style gov’ts
Developed professional armies
Took time to learn to lead themselves

31. Imperialism: Consequences
Economic - Positive
Modern infrastructure
Suez Canal – connected Red and Mediterranean Seas
Improved agricultural methods
Growing cash-crop market
Money-based economy
Modern banking

32. Imperialism: Consequences
Economic - Negative
Uneven distribution of improvements
Europeans developed what would help themselves
Inter-African trade system was destroyed
Wealth taken back to Europe

33. Consequences of Imperialism
Social
Urbanization: villages grew into towns/cities
Spread of Christianity
Spread of education
Merit-based social order
Rural areas neglected
Europeans pushed their culture on the Africans