1. Emotional Intelligence and Testing

2. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
1990 – Salovey & Mayer coin term “emotional intelligence
“it is an intelligence that involves the ability to monitor one’s own and others’ feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide one’s thinking and action.”
Daniel Goleman publishes “Emotional Intelligence.”

3. GOLMAN’S THEORY THE BRAIN HAS EMOTIONAL ARCHITECTURE
Limbic structures generate feelings & emotions
Reptilian brain downshift
as the amygdala performs
“neural hijacking”

4. COMPONENTS OF E.I. Self-Awareness Self-Management or trustworthiness
Motivation or resilience
Empathy or recognizing emotions in others
Social skills or handling relationships

5. COMPONENTS OF E. I. FIRST THREE ARE PERSONAL SELF-AWARENESS
SELF-REGULATION
MOTIVATION
LAST TWO ARE SOCIAL
EMPATHY
SOCIAL SKILL

6. SELF-AWARENESS
“THE ABILITY TO RECOGNIZE AND UNDERSTAND YOUR MOODS, EMOTIONS, AND DRIVES, AS WELL AS THEIR EFFECTS ON OTHERS
Do I know how I’m
coming off in this
situation?

7. SELF-REGULATION
“THE ABILITY TO CONTROL OR REDIRECT DISRUPTING IMPULSES AND MOODS OR THE ABILITY TO SUSPEND JUDGMENT TO THINK BEFORE ACTING.”
Can I stop the
R brain downshifting?

8. SELF-REGULATION ABILITY TO RELAX ABILITY TO MANAGE STRESS
ABILITY TO CONTROL MOODS
ABILITY TO RECOVER FROM EMOTIONAL UPSET MORE QUICKLY
ABILITY TO EMPLOY THE 6 SECOND PAUSE

9. SELF-REGULATION PEOPLE WHO SELF-REGULATE
CREATE AN ATMOSPHERE OF TRUST AND FAIRNESS
REDUCE EMOTIONAL REACTIVITY IN ENVIRONMENT

10. MOTIVATION
“A PASSION TO WORK FOR REASONS THAT GO BEYOND MONEY OR STATUS”
JOB CAPABILITIES
Achievement drive
Commitment
Initiative
Optimism

12. EMPATHY
“THE ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND THE EMOTIONAL MAKE-UP OF OTHER PEOPLE.”

13. EMPATHY ABILITY TO TAKE OTHER’S PERSPECTIVE CARING ATTITUDE
CAN BETTER READ VERBAL & NONVERBAL CUES
ATTUNED TO NEEDS & EMOTIONS OF OTHERS

14. EMPATHY EMPATHY BUILDS ON SELF-AWARENESS.
THE MORE OPEN WE ARE TO OUR OWN EMOTIONS, THE MORE SKILLED WE ARE IN READING OTHERS’ EMOTIONS

15. SOCIAL SKILLS
“PROFICIENCY IN MANAGING RELATIONSHIPS AND BUILDING NETWORKS.”
Using your empathetic knowledge

16. ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS
Work Profile Questionnaire—EI Version
Emotional Competence Inventory 360
Emotional Intelligence Appraisal
BarOn Emotional Quotient Inventory
Mayer-Salovey-Caruso-EI Test

17. Emotional Intelligence: Criticism
Gardner and others criticize the idea of emotional intelligence and question whether we stretch this idea of intelligence too far when we apply it to our emotions.

18. Comparing the Multiple Intelligence Theories
Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
Sternberg’s Triarchic Intelligences
Goleman’s Emotional Intelligence
Logical-Mathematical
Linguistic
Analytical
Spatial
Musical
Body-Kinesthetic
Creative
Interpersonal
Practical
Recognizing emotions in others and managing relationships
Intrapersonal
Knowing, managing, and motivating yourself with emotions

19. Assessing Intelligence
Psychologists define intelligence testing as a method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with others using numerical scores.
OBJECTIVE 8| Define intelligence tests and discuss the history of intelligence testing.

20. Alfred Binet
Alfred Binet and his colleague Théodore Simon practiced a more modern form of intelligence testing by developing questions that would predict children’s future progress in the Paris school system.

21. Lewis Terman
In the US, Lewis Terman adapted Binet’s test for American school children and named the test the Stanford-Binet Test. The following is the formula of Intelligence Quotient (IQ), introduced by William Stern:

22. Terman and his IQ Test
A 8 year old has a mental age of 10, what is her IQ?
A 12 year old has the mental age of 9, what is his IQ?
A boy has the mental age of 10 and an IQ of 200, how old is he?
Used Binet’s research to construct the modern day IQ test called the Stanford-Binet Test.
IQ=Mental age/Chronological age X

23. Problems with the IQ Formula
It does not really work well on adults, why?
If a 60 year old man does as well as an average 30 year old then his IQ would be 50!!!!!! That makes no sense!!!

24. Intelligence Tests Binet-Simon scale Stanford-Binet scale
First test of intelligence, developed to identify children who might have difficulty in school
Binet developed the concept of mental age in children
Stanford-Binet scale
L. M. Terman’s adaptation of the Binet-Simon scale
Terman introduced the I.Q. score
A score of 100 is considered average

25. Aptitude and Achievement Tests
Aptitude tests are intended to predict your ability to learn a new skill and achievement tests are intended to reflect what you have already learned.
OBJECTIVE 9| Distinguish between aptitude and achievement tests, and describe the modern test of mental abilities, such as the WAIS.

26. David Wechsler
Wechsler developed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and later the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), an intelligence test for preschoolers.

27. WAIS
WAIS measures overall intelligence and 11 other aspects related to intelligence that are designed to assess clinical and educational problems.

28. Intelligence Tests The Wechsler Intelligence Scales
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Third Edition is the most commonly used test of intelligence for adults
WAIS-III is divided into to parts, one that focuses on verbal abilities and one that focuses on performance skills
Also a version for children, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Third Edition

29. Intelligence Tests Group Tests
Intelligence tests that can be given to large groups
Advantages
Quick scoring
No examiner bias
Easier to establish norms
Disadvantages
Less likely to detect someone who is ill or confused
Might make people nervous
Learning disabled children often perform worse

30. Intelligence Tests Performance tests Culture-fair tests
Tests that minimize the use of language
Used to test very young children or people with retardation
Also can be used to test those unfamiliar with English
Culture-fair tests
Tests designed to reduce cultural bias
Minimize skills and values that vary from one culture to another

31. Approximate Distribution of IQ Scores in the Population

32. Flynn Effect
In the past 60 years, intelligence scores have risen steadily by an average of 27 points. This phenomenon is known as the Flynn effect.

33. The Dynamics of Intelligence
Does intelligence remain stable over a lifetime or does it change? Are individuals on the two extremes of the intelligence scale really that different?

34. Modern Tests of Mental Abilities
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) consists of 11 subtests and cues us in to strengths by using…..
Factor Analysis

35. Aptitude v. Achievement Tests
A test designed to predict a person’s future performance.
The ability for that person to learn.
Achievement
A test designed to assess what a person has learned.

36. How do we construct Intelligence tests?
Tests must be:
Standardized
Reliable
Valid

37. Standardization
The test must be pre-tested to a representative sample of people and
Form a normal distribution or bell curve

38. Reliability
The extent which a test yields consistent results over time.
Spilt halves or test–retest method.

39. Validity
The extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure.
Content Validity: does the test sample a behavior of interest
Predictive Validity: does the test predict future behavior.

40. Does Intelligence Change Over Time?
By age 3, a child’s IQ can predict adolescent IQ scores.
Depends on the type of intelligence, crystallized or fluid.

41. Stability or Change?
Intelligence scores become stable after about seven years of age. In numerous studies, stability of intelligence scores have been determined (Angoff, 1988; Deary et al., 2004).
OBJECTIVE 13| Describe the stability of intelligence scores over the life span.

42. Extremes of Intelligence
A valid intelligence test divides two groups of people into two extremes: the mentally retarded (IQ 70) and individuals with high intelligence (IQ 135). These two groups are significantly different.
OBJECTIVE 14| Discuss the two extremes of the normal distribution of intelligence.

43. Mental Retardation
APA “significantly sub-average general intellectual functioning that is accompanied by significant limitations in adaptive functioning.”
Must appear before the individual is 21 years old.
Implies an inability to perform at least some of the ordinary tasks

44. Mental Retardation
Mentally retarded individuals required constant supervision a few decades ago, but with a supportive family environment and special education they can now care for themselves.

45. Savant Syndrome
juxtapositions of severe mental handicap and prodigious mental ability
Savant performances include
Mentally calculating large numbers almost instantly
Determining the day of the week for any date centuries away
Playing long musical compositions after only hearing it once.

46. Savant Clips
Alonso Clemens
Daniel Tammet
Steven Wilcher

47. Causes
Not much is known for reasons behind mild retardation (90% of all diagnosed)
PKU (phenylketonuria) – liver fails to produce an enzyme necessary for early brain development
Down Syndrome – is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of an extra 21st chromosome.
Fragile X syndrome – boys harder hit due to only one X chromosone

48. Giftedness
Terman – (1925)“academic talent and measured by an IQ in the top two percent of the population.”
Renzulli – (1978) above average general ability, exceptional creativity, and high levels of commitment
Motivation added in the 90s

49. Discussion Questions Should public schools practice inclusion?
Should funds be public funds be used for gifted classes?
Is singling out certain students as gifted elitist?
Are AP classes for gifted students?

50. Creativity
Creativity can be defined as the ability to produce novel and socially valued ideas or objects
Creativity and intelligence
Intelligence and creativity are related, but only up to a certain threshold
Above about 110 IQ they are virtually unrelated
Creative people are often perceived as intelligent

51. Creativity Creativity tests Open-ended questions are used
Scoring is based upon the number and originality of a person’s answers