1. Cell structure and function

2. Cell Organelles
Organelles: small structures within cells that carry out various functions
STRUCTURE DETERMINES FUNCTION
Surface Area – greater surface area provides for more productivity
FOLDS!!!

3. Organelles Nucleus: houses genetic material
Nuclear Membrane/Envelope: surrounds and protects genetic material
Nuclear Pores: holes in the nuclear membrane
Nucleolus: dense region; ribosomal subunits
Chromatin: genetic material
Ribosomes: make proteins using genetic information from the nucleus, 2 subunits

4. Organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum: folded membrane system surrounding nucleus; stores and transmits lipids and proteins throughout cell

5. Organelles
Golgi Apparatus: modifies, prepares proteins and lipids to send out of cell

6. Organelles
Mitochondria: site of cellular respiration; converts food energy (glucose) into cell energy (ATP)
Very FOLDED inner-membrane: cristae!

7. Organelles
Chloroplast: site of photosynthesis; converts light energy into glucose
PLANTS!

8. Organelles
Lysosomes: break down organic molecules and digest worn-out cell parts

9. Organelles Vacuole: Storage for water, organic molecules, salts, etc.
**Large in plants!

10. Cell Parts Cilia and Flagella:
Cilia: Short, numerous, hair-like projections from the plasma membrane of the cell.
Often beat synchronously to produce motion.
Flagella: Long projections that move in a whip-like motion to produce movement.
The major method of locomotion in unicellular organisms.
Found mainly in bacteria and Protists
Sperm cells!
Cytoskeleton:
A network of proteins that help cell maintain shape.
Microtubules: Thin, hollow cylinders of protein.
Microfilaments: Thin, solid protein fibers.

11. Structures for Locomotion

12. Structures for Locomotion

13. Cytoplasm
Fluid-filled space surrounding organelles

14. Surrounding the Cell Plasma Membrane/Cell Membrane:
phospholipid bilayer
Fluid mosaic model
membrane that surrounds ALL cells
Regulates what enters and leaves; Semipermeable!
Permeable to lipids, nonpolar and smaller substances
Maintains solution concentrations!
Contains Transport Proteins
Embedded in membrane; help certain substances move into or out of cell

15. The Plasma Membrane Structure

16. Surrounding the Cell
Cell Wall: made of cellulose, helps maintain structure
PLANTS, Fungi, Prokaryotes, Algae