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The Muscular System 5 Lesson 5.1: Muscle Tissue Categories and Functions Lesson 5.2: Skeletal Muscle Actions Lesson 5.3: The Major Skeletal Muscles Lesson 5.4: Common Injuries and Disorders of Muscles
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Muscle Tissue Categories and Functions
Chapter 5: The Muscular System Lesson 5.1 Muscle Tissue Categories and Functions
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Muscle Tissue categories functions skeletal smooth cardiac
behavioral properties tension and types of skeletal muscle contractions
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Muscle Tissue Categories
skeletal voluntary striated smooth involuntary no striations cardiac intercalated disks
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Muscle Tissue Categories
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Skeletal Muscle Organization
sarcolemma and endomysium surrounds the muscle fiber perimysium bundles groups of muscle fibers to make up a fascicle epimysium encloses several fascicles to make up a muscle aponeurosis connects muscle to other tissues
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Skeletal Muscle Organization
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Review and Assessment True or False? 1. Smooth muscle is voluntary. 2. Cardiac muscle has branching fibers. 3. Smooth muscle is multinucleate. 4. Perimysium wraps fascicles to make a muscle. 5. Endomysium surrounds the muscle fibers.
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Behavioral Properties of Muscle
extensibility–stretch elasticity–snap back irritability–respond contractility–shorten
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Muscle Tissue Functions
tension and types of skeletal muscle contraction agonist–moves bone antagonist–opposes the movement of the agonist
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Concentric Contraction
agonist contracts, antagonist relaxes
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Eccentric Contraction
agonist contracts while lengthening, antagonist relaxes
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Isometric Contraction
both agonist and antagonist contract
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Review and Assessment Match these words with 1–5 below: extensibility, elasticity, irritability, contractility, agonist, antagonist. 1. respond 2. opposes movement 3. stretch 4. shorten 5. causes movement
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Skeletal Muscle Actions
Chapter 5: The Muscular System Lesson 5.2 Skeletal Muscle Actions
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Skeletal Muscle the motor unit skeletal fiber types
muscular strength, power, and endurance
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The Motor Unit group of muscle fibers under the control of one motor neuron
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Generating Action Potentials
acetylcholine crosses the synaptic cleft at the neuromuscular junction depolarization takes place on muscle fiber action potential begins
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Contraction of the Sarcomeres
sarcomeres shorten by actin filaments sliding along myosin filaments
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Maximum Tension and Return to Relaxation
action potential always causes entire motor unit muscle fibers to contract all-or-none law
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Review and Assessment True or False?
1. An action potential causes one half of the fibers in the motor unit to contract. 2. Acetylcholine crosses the synaptic cleft at the neuromuscular junction. 3. The sarcomeres lengthen by myosin filaments sliding over actin filaments.
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Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types
slow-twitch fast-twitch type IIa type IIb
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Skeletal Muscle Fiber Architecture
parallel fiber arrangements fusiform bundled triangular pennate fiber arrangements unipennate bipennate multipennate
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Muscular Strength rotary force that muscles can produce at a joint
the maximum weight you can lift is a measurement of muscular strength
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Muscle Power force x velocity
how fast you can sprint is a measurement of muscle power
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Muscle Endurance muscle tension/time
how far you can run is a measurement of muscle endurance
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Review and Assessment Match these words with 1–5 below: muscle endurance, muscular strength, muscle power, Type I, Type IIb. 1. force x velocity 2. muscle tension/time 3. rotary force that muscles can produce at a joint 4. slow twitch, slow fatigue 5. fast twitch, fast fatigue
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The Major Skeletal Muscles
Chapter 5: The Muscular System Lesson 5.3 The Major Skeletal Muscles
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The Major Skeletal Muscles
directional motions head and neck muscles trunk muscles upper limb muscles lower limb muscles
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Skeletal Muscle Attachments
origin fixed end of a muscle insertion movable end of a muscle
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Sagittal Plane Movements
flexion extension hyperextension dorsiflexion plantar flexion
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Frontal Plane Movements
abduction adduction inversion eversion radial deviation ulnar deviation
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Transverse Plane Movements
medial rotation lateral rotation pronation supination
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Multiplanar Movements
circumduction opposition
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Review and Assessment True or False? 1. Circumduction is a multiple plane movement. 2. Supination is a multiple plane movement. 3. The insertion is the fixed end of a muscle. 4. Extension is a sagittal plane movement. 5. Adduction is a frontal plane movement.
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Head and Neck Muscles
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Trunk Muscles
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Upper Limb Muscles
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Lower Limb Muscles
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Review and Assessment Match these words with 1–4 below: head, trunk, upper limb, lower limb. 1. temporalis 2. brachioradialis 3. external oblique 4. biceps femoris
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Common Injuries and Disorders of Muscles
Chapter 5: The Muscular System Lesson 5.4 Common Injuries and Disorders of Muscles
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Muscle Injuries strain–overstretched muscle contusion–bruised muscle
grade I, II, III contusion–bruised muscle myositis ossificans cramps–spasming muscle delayed onset muscle soreness–tear
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Tendon Injuries tendinitis–inflamed tendon
tendinosis–degeneration of a tendon Val Thoermer/Shutterstock.com
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Joint Injuries rotational injury at shoulder overuse of elbow
shin splints whiplash
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Muscle Disorders muscular dystrophy hernia
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Review and Assessment True or False? 1. Tendinitis is muscle strain. 2. A contusion is a bruise. 3. Whiplash is a joint injury. 4. A hernia is a tendon injury. 5. A strain is an over stretch of a tendon.
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