1. Challenges in Long Range Shooting
December 27, 2018
Challenges in Long Range Shooting
Study of 338 Lapua Magnum 19,4 g OTM Scenar

2. Things that can have effect in shooting
December 27, 2018
Things that can have effect in shooting
How the weapon is operating
Optics mount repeatability
Cartridge function
Whole system operation, different positions
Sighting failures (cross centered, gun sighted, tilt angle)
Human failures (pull of trigger, heart beat, breathing)
Sighting failures related to temperature ( heat waves distorting vision, air layers)
Failures in estimating the circumstances (distance, angle, weather)
Target speed vs bullet flight time
How the bullet is following theoretic curve (twist, presession, nutation)
External ballistics (wind, air pressure, temp, humidity)
-> What is the realistic shooting distance?
Overstabilized
Not stabilized

3. Cartridge properties Cartridge function Variation in Vo: 5 – 15 m/s
December 27, 2018
Cartridge properties
Cartridge function
Variation in Vo: 5 – 15 m/s
Powder temperature sensitivity: 0,5 – 1,0 m/s per centigrade, non linear
Cartridge temperature (time in the hot gun, storaging)
Extraction force variation
Bullet form variation (tip)
Loading length variation
Focus of the study
338 Lapua Magnum 19,4 g Scenar OTM, Vo = 830 m/s
Target distances: m, m, m
Target is torso, app. 40 x 50 cm
Demands from customers: 1,0 km normal demand; 1,5 km sometimes; 2,0 km dream

4. Estimating Distance and Wind
December 27, 2018
Estimating Distance and Wind
Estimating Distance
Target 1020 m, Estimated 1000 m, hitting point -31 cm
Target 1520 m, Estimated 1500 m, hitting point -72 cm
Target 2020 m, Estimated 2000 m, hitting point -1,42 m
Estimating Wind
1 000 m: wind 1 m/s drift 39 cm
1 500 m: wind 1 m/s drift 1,0 m
2 000 m: wind 1 m/s drift 2,0 m
1 000 m: wind 5 m/s drift 1,9 m
1 500 m: wind 5 m/s drift 5,1 m
2 000 m: wind 5 m/s drift 10,0 m
wind has a different speed and direction of the downrange
wind has usually different speed and direction depending on the height
Highest point of flying curve is 3,1 m in m shooting
Highest point of flying curve is 9,8 m m shooting
Highest point of flying curve is 25,0 m m shooting

5. Flight time and weather circumstances
December 27, 2018
Flight time and weather circumstances
Flight time (pedestrian moving 1,6 m/s, car moving 60 km/h)
Target 1000 m, Flight time 1,6 s, Pedestrian moving 2,6 m, Car 27 m during Flight time
Target 1500 m, Flight time 2,8 s, Pedestrian moving 4,5 m, Car 47 m during Flight time
Target 2000 m, Flight time 4,4 s, Pedestrian moving 7,0 m, Car 73 m during Flight time
-> Even slow moving target is very challenging in longer distances
Weather circumstances
Pressure, > 1040 mbar hitting point 43,5 cm, 970 -> 1050 mbar 1,7 m
Temperature, 0 -> 30 C (1000 mbar) +1, m
1 degree tilt angle to the side, takes hitting point 52 cm m and 1, m
Cold shot vs. next shots – change in hitting point
Coriolis- effect, Salla in Finland the hitting point to east is 15 cm higher than west in 1500 m distance.

6. December 27, 2018
Variation in Vo
10 m/s slover bullet hits m / m / -1, m
Powder dV/dT e.g;
Powder A
Powder B

7. Record and its repeatability
December 27, 2018
Record and its repeatability
Graig Harrison, sniper-record from the news (AI 338 Lapua Magnum, B408)
Target 2475 m, Flight time 6,7 s, hitting speed 227 m/s, 418 J (rimfire 0 m = 150 J)
Distance estimation 5 m failure -> hitting point 70 cm over/under
0,1 m/s sidewind, hitting point 39 cm side
3 m/s Vo change -> hitting point 1,2 m over/under
How was the scope adjustment made?
Sniper scope, 1 click is 1,0 cm / 100 m (0,1 mrad):
300 m -> 1,0 km = 80 clicks
300 m -> 1,5 km = 175 clicks
300 m -> 2,0 km = 320 clicks
300 m -> 2,475 km = 645 clicks (600 m -> 2,475 km = 615 clicks)
Often, the first shot is the only shot
Group diameter
Estimating the circumstances
Summing the failures
Empiric estimation of success
Decision to pull the trigger

8. How to improve the hitting propability
December 27, 2018
How to improve the hitting propability
Flat trajectory
Increase bullet speed
Good ballistics (open tip match, boat tail -> without compromising accuracy)
Estimaton failures effects will get smaller
Optimize the weapon and cartridge hitting group, use only high quality components and accessories .
Good knowledge of bullet aerodynamics and ballistics. Radar data usage as mathematic modeling.
Minimizing failures is estimations
Distance and weather devices
Ballistic calculator with radar data
Minimizinz human failures
training, training, etc.

9. Quick Target Unlimited Lapua (PC) and Lapua Ballistics (Mobile phone) softwares => New version coming 2016

10. .338 Lapua Magnum Sniper Products
December 27, 2018
.338 Lapua Magnum Sniper Products

11. Family of Lapua .338 AP-I AP Solid 16,2 g FMJBT (LockBase)
16,2 g HPBT (Scenar)
19,4 g HPBT (Scenar)
16,1 g Armour Piercing (AP, Tungsten carbide core)
16,4 g Armour Piercing Incendiary (AP-I, Tungsten carbide core)
19,4 g Armour Piercing (AP, Tungsten carbide core)
15,0 g Solid (Naturalis)
AP-I AP
Solid

12. B408, 250gr Lock Base Ball B408 Penetration Performance:
Military Flak-jacket at 1000 m
Military kevlar helmet at 1000 m
Over 8 mm soft steel at 100 m

13. B557, 300gr Lock Base Supersonic up to 1500 m Over 1000J at 1500 m
Outperforms 250gr bullet after 800m in velocity

14. AP485 16.1 g AP Bullet Matched Trajectory to B408 Ball round
The AP485 produced by proven match-grade bullet manufacturing technology
AP485 – world’s most accurate AP round
AP485 Penetration Performance:
20 mm Armour Steel (HB400/HRC 43) 100 m
13 mm Armour Steel (HB400/HRC 43) 550 m
CRISAT Target 1200 m
Some APC 300 m

15. AP529 19.4 g AP Bullet Matched Trajectory to GB528 HPBT round
The AP529 produced by match-grade bullet manufacturing technology
AP529 Penetration Performance:
22 mm Armour Steel (HB500/HRC51) 100 m
12 mm Armour Steel (HB500/HRC51) 600 m

16. API512 16.4 g API Bullet Matched Trajectory to B408 Ball round
Designed for spotting
Used also against structures where penetration and incendiary performance needed
API512 penetrates 10 mm Armour Steel (HB400/HRC43) 500 m
IM Qualification Status

17. GB488 16.2 g SCENAR HPBT bullet Law Enforcement and Target Shooting
Some armies use (Special Forces)

18. GB528 19.4 g SCENAR HPBT bullet Gives extend range beyond 1500 m
Will deliver over 1MJ beyond 1700 m

19. Thank you for your attention
Juhani Mäkynen
mob