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Cell Cycle and Cell Division
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BIG PICTURE
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Mitosis 2n 2n 2n One (Diploid) Cell becomes Two (Diploid) Cells
Example : Cats Somatic Cells have 38 (2n) chromosomes Sex cells have 19 (n) chromosomes
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Chromosomes Contain the genetic information
How this information is transmitted from one cell to another 2 sister chromatids DNA Replication Centromere Arm Genes/DNA Chromosome (unduplicated) Chromosome (duplicated)
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A Chromosome
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Number of Chromosomes Types of Chromosomes (Humans)
Body (Autosomes) – 44 chromosomes (22 pairs) Sex – 2 chromosomes (1 pair) (females XX, males XY) Total Number of Chromosomes = 46
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The End Result Two cells are created with the same genetic information and number of chromosomes as their parent cell. - *
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Where does Mitosis occur?
Only occurs in somatic cells (ex. muscle, skin) Produces diploid somatic cells *get students to give more examples*
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Interphase During Interphase:
Growth -> Duplication of chromosomes -> Growth Takes in nutrients to build proteins Duplicates chromosomes within the nucleus to create sister chromatids (joined by the centromere)
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Homologous Pairs
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Prophase Individual chromosomes shorten and thicken
Strengthens DNA for Mitosis
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Metaphase Sister chromatids line up along the middle of the cell
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Anaphase The sister chromatids split to form two individual chromosomes The two individual chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell
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Telophase Chromosomes reach the ends of the cell
Nuclear membrane begins forming Cytokinesis occurs resulting in two daughter cells each containing all cell organelles and 2n chromosomes Interphase begins again
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Telophase
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Cell Cycle and Mitosis
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Make A Chart List IPMAT down the left side (below each phase list how to remember it!) Across the top, put: Genetic Information (What form is it in?) Centrioles Spindle Fibres Nuclear membrane Drawing (place a rough labelled sketch in here) Description of what is happening Describe how each of the cell parts involved are behaving in each stage
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Cell Cycle 3. Cytokinesis = Division of the cytoplasm Two main phases:
Interphase 3 stages G1 – rapid growth S – DNA replication G2 – prepare for mitosis 2. Mitosis (M) = division of the nucleus 4 stages Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase 3. Cytokinesis = Division of the cytoplasm
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Mitosis Interphase Cytokinesis Telophase Prophase Anaphase Metaphase
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Interphase Growth DNA replication
At the end, all chromosome have two sister chromatids
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Prophase Chromosome formation DNA condenses Nuclear membrane dissolves
Centrioles move to opposite poles of cell
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Metaphase Centromere of chromosomes joins to spindle fiber
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
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Anaphase Centromere doubles
Chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite poles by the spindle fibers
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Telophase Cytokinesis – separation of cytoplasm;
Nuclear membrane reappears in the two daughter cells Cytokinesis – separation of cytoplasm; final stage of cell division
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Mitosis under the microscope
PROPHASE TELOPHASE METAPHASE ANAPHASE
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Mitosis Lab –Root Tip Telophase Prophase Anaphase Metaphase Interphase
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Vocabulary The Cell Cycle Chromosomes Interphase Mitosis Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis
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Mitosis On the Table Using pipe cleaners and your text, recreate the stages of mitosis on your desk with a partner 1 partner tries each phase, and the other partner checks to make sure it’s done correctly Raise your hand for teacher to check Then switch roles
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