1. Environmental Factors and Exercise

2. Cardiovascular Exercise in the Heat
w Active ___________ and _____ compete for blood supply.
w ___________ decreases.
w ___________ gradually increases to compensate for lower ___________.

3. Metabolic Responses to Exercise in the Heat
w ___________ increases.
w ___________ increases.
w ___________ is hastened.
w ___________ levels increase.

4. Body Fluid and Exercise in the Heat
w ___________ increases.
w High volumes of ___________ cause
– ___________ to decrease,
– Loss of ___________, and
– Release of ___________ and water reabsorption in ___________.

5. Key Points Heat Acclimatization
w Repeated exposure to heat stress during exercise improves ___________.
w Sweating increases in well-exposed areas to ___________.
w ___________ increases to aid in delivery of more blood to the muscles and skin.
w ___________ use is reduced to delay onset of fatigue.
w Amount of heat acclimatization depends on ___________ and duration of exposure and ___________.

6. Altitude
Copyright © 1991 by Lea and Febiger. From:McArdle, W.D., Katch, F.I., and Katch, V.L.:
Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance, 3rd edition, Philadelphia.

7. Respiratory Responses to Altitude
w ___________ increases.
w ___________ does not change.
w ___________ is slightly impaired.
w ___________ is impaired.
w As the PO2 decreases, ___________ decreases at a progressively greater rate. .

8. CHANGES IN VO2MAX WITH ALTITUDE.

9. Cardiovascular Responses to Altitude
w Initial decrease in ___________
w Initial increase in ___________ during submaximal work to compensate for less O2 .
w Decrease in ___________ during maximal work, which limits oxygen delivery and uptake. .

10. Metabolic Responses to Altitude
w Increase in ___________
w Increase in ___________
w Less ___________ production at maximal work rates at altitude than at sea level

11. Key Points Performance at Altitude .
w At altitude, endurance activity is affected the most due to reliance on ________________________________.
w Endurance athletes can prepare for ___________ by performing high-intensity endurance training at any elevation to increase their VO2max. .
w ___________ __________are the least affected by altitude.
w The ___________ at altitude provides less aerodynamic resistance and less gravitational pull, thus potentially improving jumping and throwing events.

12. Acclimatization to Altitudew w w w w w w .

13. Altitude Training for Sea-Level Performance
w Increases ___________ on return to sea level
w Not proven that altitude training improves ___________
w Difficult to study since ___________ and ___________ are reduced at altitude
w Live at ___________ and train at ___________

14. Alternate Exposure to Altitude
VO2 (ml/kg/min)
5 of the 6 runners achieved personal bests
The runner who did not get a PR had the largest decrease in
altitude VO2max
From Daniels and Oldridge, Med Sci Sports, 2: , 1970