1. Chapter 3 (B) States of Consciousness
A.P. Psychology

2. Essential Question
What are the psychological roles of sleep, and how is one’s consciousness affected by hypnosis, meditation, and various drugs?

3. : Consciousness and Sleep
A.P. Psychology

4. Do-Now (Questionnaire/In Journal)
Answer the questions on Hand-Out “A Morning-Evening Questionnaire”
Tally up the numbers of your responses:
70-86: Definitely morning type
59-69: Moderately morning type
42-58: Neither type
31-41: Moderately evening type
16-30: Definitely evening type

5. Do-Now (Questionnaire/In Journal)
Answer the questions on Hand-Out “Circadian Rhythms”
Tally up the numbers of your responses:
70-86: Definitely morning type
59-69: Moderately morning type
42-58: Neither type
31-41: Moderately evening type
16-30: Definitely evening type

6. Consciousness Consciousness:
Our awareness of ourselves and our environment
Exists within a spectrum of levels (as opposed to simply “conscious” vs. “unconscious”)
Freudian view: Childhood experiences
Modern view: Parallel processing

7. Consciousness

8. “Sleep is the irresistible tempter to whom we eventually succumb.”

9. “Jet Lag” Have you ever experienced “Jet Lag?” How did you feel?
Why do you think this occurs?

10. Biological Rhythms and Sleep
Circadian Rhythm:
The biological clock
Regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour schedule
Ultradian Rhythm: more than once each day
Infradian Rhythm: once per month/season

11. Biological Rhythms and Sleep
Light triggers the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
to decrease melatonin from the pineal gland
in the morning and increase it at nightfall.

12. Sleep Stages
Approximately every 90 minutes, we pass through a cycle of five distinct sleep stages (includes NREM and REM Sleep)

13. Sleep Stages
When awake, relaxed, and ready to fall asleep, a person’s brain is producing alpha waves (9-14 cps)

14. Sleep Stages Stage 1-2: Lightest levels of sleep Pulse slows
Muscles relax
May hallucinate
Breathing and brain waves become irregular
Alpha waves/Theta waves (5-8 cps)

15. Sleep Stages Stages 3-4: Deepest levels of sleep Possibilities:
Sleepwalking/Sleep talking
Bed-wetting
Occurs early in the night
Delta waves (1.5-4 cps)
Important to physical and psychological well-being

16. Sleep Stages Stage 5/REM Sleep: “Rapid Eye Movement” Sleep
Pulse and heart rate become irregular
Face or fingers may twitch
Large muscles become paralyzed
Sexual arousal
Vivid dreams
“Paradoxical Sleep”
Beta waves (15-40 cps)

17. Sleep Stages With each 90-minute cycle, stage 4 sleep
decreases and the duration of REM sleep increases.

18. Sleep Stages
Why may we sometimes naturally wake up throughout the night?
Why might you feel more tired after taking a 50-minute nap than you were before falling asleep?

19. Why Do We Sleep? Theories of Sleep
Sleep Protects: Sleeping in the darkness when predators loomed about kept our ancestors out of harm’s way.
Sleep Helps Us Recover: Sleep helps restore and repair brain tissue.
Sleep Helps Us Remember: Sleep restores and rebuilds our fading memories.
Sleep May Play a Role in the Growth Process: During sleep, the pituitary gland releases growth hormone. Older people release less of this hormone and sleep less.

20. Sleeping with Eyes Open: “Nocturnal Lagophthalmos”

21. Review What is consciousness? How can one’s consciousness be altered:
Provide an 3 examples of altered states of consciousness.
How can one’s consciousness be altered:
Physiologically
Psychologically
What is a circadian rhythm? How does it influence our sleep behavior?
Discuss the sleep cycle:
What occurs during each stage of sleep?

22. Homework
Chapter 3 A and B Quiz: