1. Communication

2. What is communication?
Communication is a process in which information is passed from the speaker to the receiver.

3. The study of communication and our speaking ability is not a new phenomenon
Greek and Roman Empires knew the importance of leadership. In order to “educate” leaders, they were taught math, science, and rhetoric (speech communication).
How we communicate is as pivotal as simply “knowing” information.

4. Three types of communication
Verbal
Non verbal (eye contact, facial expression, body language)
Grapevine (word of mouth)
Formal
Informal

5. Five elements of communication
Speaker
Message
Channel
Audience
Response

6. Speaker The process of communication begins with the speaker
The speaker has the responsibility of translating information effectively and efficiently
Examples of speakers
Speaker 1
Speaker 2
Speaker 3

7. Message The second element of the communication process
Speaker must encode (present) in a language that is interesting and clear
Variety and descriptive language is important
Message also depends on who the audience is

8. Channel The means through which the message is transmitted
Transmitted through hearing, seeing, smelling, tasting, and touching (5 senses)
Social media

9. Audience
Message in a bottle example
Why is audience important?
An audience is anyone who receives the message

10. Communication model

11. What causes communication to break down?
Usually communication breakdowns can be traced to one of the five elements of the communication process.
The audience may fail to understand parts of your speech
What you are wearing draws attention to itself
Poor virtual aid communication (technical difficulty, not visible by audience, etc.)
Audience cannot hear you
External noise

12. Listening
There is a significant difference between hearing and listening
It is an active process involving concentration and thinking
There are 8 barriers to listening:
External Noise
Internal Noise
Bias Towards the Speaker
Day Dreaming
Emotion Reaction
Faking Attention
Fatigue
Improper Note Taking

13. Ways to improve listening
Prepare to listen (learn about the subject beforehand if possible)
Avoid distractions- select a good seat, turn off phones, etc.
Identify central idea- the speech should introduce the main idea in the beginning
Identify main points- good speeches have a main idea and supporting main points
Listen for signals such as “ Some of the reasons that…” or “In addition…”
Think along with the speaker- reconstruct the organizational pattern of the speech . Relate to what the speaker was saying to your own knowledge, interests, and life.
Take effective notes

14. Effective note taking Write down only important ideas Write legibly
Keep up
Translate into your own words***
Be brief (chunk information)
Don’t worry about spelling
Date your notes
Expand your notes (include your own thoughts)

15. Important concepts to remember
Say something worthwhile … but how?
Consider what you want to say and why you want to say it (content)
Who is your audience? What motivates them, engages them etc.?
Point out how this will help your audience. Emphasize relevance!
If the topic may not be interesting, then try to deliver in an interesting manner i.e. incorporate real life examples, visual aids, audience participation, etc.

16. Be confident The way you say something is called delivery
Eye contact, facial expressions, body movement, personal appearance, and voice
Conversational style will allow you to appear more confident and natural; however, you should aim to be intentional and formal with your public speaking.
Use your own vocabulary as much as possible
Did you know…. Most nervousness comes from over concern! It is reinforced by negative self-talk.