1. Food additives, A CLOSER LOOK AT high fructose corn syrup
MJ Tompkins
Nutr 243

2. OBJECTIVES To identify one food that contains HFCS
To discuss the nutrient content of HFCS
To understand how HFCS affects one area of human health
OBJECTIVES

3. FOUND IN

4. 18% increase in CVD death risk
Adults 20-60
13-14% daily cals
Children/adolescence
16%
18% increase in CVD death risk
More than your dv

5. What is it? HFCS-42: Table sugar (sucrose, di-): 53% glucose
42% fructose
5% other sugars / polysaccharides (glucose chains)
Table sugar (sucrose, di-):
50% fructose
50% glucose
What is it?

6. Nutrient content Or lack thereof 100 grams: 76 grams CHO 24 grams H2O
Ca about 6mg
Magnesium, Phosphorus
Nutrient content

7. High fructose corn syrup
HFCS
1970s, researchers
Mass production
Low production cost
Easier handling, shipping
High fructose corn syrup

8. SUGAR VS. HFCS United States sugar: $0.42/lb World market: $0.15/lb
HFCS is currently around $0.115/lb
World price vs. U.S. price
USDA’s price support program
Price standards and import restrictions
American Sugar Alliance
SUGAR VS. HFCS

9. USA has the highest rate of corn production/consumption per capita
“You are what you eat”
Dawson, Berkley
Hair, carbon
Reporter: 69%
3 months in Italy: 5%
Other Things to add

10. Heart
Liver
Metabolism
Accusations

11. HFCS AND YOUR HEART Adults 18-40
Beverages with 0%, 10%, 17.5%, or 25% HFCS
“Produced dose-dependent increases in circulating lipid/lipoprotein risk factors for CVD and uric acid within 2 wk”
HDL and LDL
HFCS AND YOUR HEART

12. hfcs AND YOUR HEART ~100 individuals 3 drinks/day Regular diet
Urine and riboflavin as a biomarker
Support that cardiovascular health is linked to added sugars
hfcs AND YOUR HEART

13. METABOLIC eFFects 50 g carbohydrate 14 days Honey Sucrose HFCS55
2 wks rest
METABOLIC eFFects

14. Glycemic response, serum lipids, inflammation, BP
Measured:
Glycemic response, serum lipids, inflammation, BP
Glucose Tolerant (GT), Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT)
All markers:
Unaffected by source
Elevated:
TG concentrations in GT and IGT individuals
Elevated glycemic and inflammatory responses in the latter

15. Limits 55 participants Normal weight, obese Typical diets
Excluded any sugar-sweetened beverages
Limits

16. Hfcs vs. your day 476 individuals 2 year study 15+ yrs
Relationship between type of beverage and total kcal/day
Dietary recall
Categories: sugar sweetened, HFCS-sweetened, non-sweet, milk
Hfcs vs. your day

17. Significant results 19% consumed 1+ HFCS beverages
Concluded statistical significance between HFCS and kcal
Significant results

18. Hfcs and your liver Review of 19 studies
Adults, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
HFCS or sucrose intake –
High energy intake
Levels were unaffected by source
Evidence cannot draw conclusions
Hfcs and your liver

19. Conclusion Measurements for studies Liver, metabolism, heart
Moderation
No nutritional value
Calories
Research
Conclusion

20. RECAP One food containing HFCS Nutrient content
Why is HFCS used over sugar?
One health risk commonly associated
RECAP

21. Thank you for your attendance and participation!
Questions?

22. References http://www.smartbooksforsmartkids.com/category/plants/
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Bravo, S., Lowndes, J., Sinnett, S., Yu, Z., & Rippe, J. (2013). Consumption of sucrose and high- fructose corn syrup does not increase liver fat or ectopic fat deposition in muscles. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, And Metabolism, (6), 681. doi: /apnm
References

23. Le, M. T. , Frye, R. F. , Rivard, C. J. , Cheng, J. , McFann, K. K
Le, M. T., Frye, R. F., Rivard, C. J., Cheng, J., McFann, K. K., Segal, M. S., & ... Johnson, J. A. (2012). Clinical Science: Effects of high-fructose corn syrup and sucrose on the pharmacokinetics of fructose and acute metabolic and hemodynamic responses in healthy subjects. Metabolism, doi: /j.metabol
Mei, C., Jiantao, M., Patel, K., Berger, S., Lau, J., & Lichtenstein, A. H. (2014). Fructose, high- fructose corn syrup, sucrose, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or indexes of liver health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal Of Clinical Nutrition, 100(3), p. doi: /ajcn
Phillips, Leticia. "Why Do American's Pay More for Sugar?" SugarCane.org. UNICA and Apexbrasil, 13 May Web. 26 Mar
Raatz, S. K., Johnson, L. K., & Picklo, M. J. (2015). Consumption of Honey, Sucrose, and High- Fructose Corn Syrup Produces Similar Metabolic Effects in Glucose-Tolerant and -Intolerant Individuals. Journal Of Nutrition, 145(10), p. doi: /jn
Stanhope, K. L., Medici, V., Bremer, A. A., Lee, V., Lam, H. D., Nunez, M. V., & ... Havel, P. J. (2015). A dose-response study of consuming high-fructose corn syrup-sweetened beverages on lipid/lipoprotein risk factors for cardiovascular disease in young adults. The American Journal Of Clinical Nutrition, 101(6), doi: /ajcn
References continued