1. Figure 4 Approaches to targeting inhibitory immune receptors
Figure 4 | Approaches to targeting inhibitory immune receptors. Multiple approaches are available to target immune checkpoints for the treatment of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Specific examples of inhibitory receptors that have been targeted in preclinical and clinical studies are provided for each of the following approaches: soluble inhibitory-receptor–Fc fusion proteins (part a), ligand–Fc fusion proteins (part b), artificial ligands (part c), agonistic antibodies (part d), and bispecific antibodies (part e), which co-ligate an inhibitory and activating receptor. CIA, collagen-induced arthritis; CAIA, collagen-antibody-induced arthritis; CTLA4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4; EAE, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; EAU, experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis; FcγRIIB, low-affinity immunoglobulin-γ Fc region receptor IIb; PECAM1, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule; PILRα, paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor-α; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; TIGIT, T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and ITIM domains; VISTA, V-type immunoglobulin domain suppressor of T cell activation.
van der Vlist, M. et al. (2016) Immune checkpoints and rheumatic diseases: what can cancer immunotherapy teach us?
Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. doi: /nrrheum