1. Water Treatment Processes Disinfection and removal of solids

2. Water treatment processes WATSAN M15 ERU 2 Contents 1.Aim of treatment 2.Removal of solids in suspension 3.Disinfection 4.Water treatment in emergencies

3. Water treatment processes WATSAN M15 ERU 3 1.Aim of treatment

4. Water treatment processes WATSAN M15 ERU 4 Multiple options of treatment Safe water supply: All people have safe and equitable access to a sufficient quantity of water for drinking, cooking and personal and domestic hygiene. Water is palatable, and of sufficient quality to be drunk and used for personal and domestic hygiene without causing significant risk to health (The Sphere Project, Chap.2, Norms 1 y 2 ) 1. Aim of the treatment process

5. Water treatment processes WATSAN M15 ERU 5 Pathogen free Chemically safe Without dirt solid matter Aesthetically acceptable WHO Guidelines National Regulation 1. Aim of the treatment process

6. Water treatment processes WATSAN M15 ERU 6 The treatment process starts in the water extraction Source selection (surface water/groundwater) Means of water extraction (strainer) The treatment process ends in the distribution Storage and distribution Jerry cans for the beneficiaries Re-contamination risks 1. Aim of the treatment process

7. Water treatment processes WATSAN M15 ERU 7 2. Removal of solids in suspension

8. Water treatment processes WATSAN M15 ERU 8 Why?- aspect - efficiency of disinfection Control parameter: Gravity analysis Turbidity (NTU) Aim: < 5 NTU Methods Sedimentation Flocculation Filtration 2. Removal of solids in suspension

9. Water treatment processes WATSAN M15 ERU 9 Advantages: Simple, no consumption Disadvantages: Need of facilities, slow, limited 2. Removal of solids in suspension. Sedimentation

10. Water treatment processes WATSAN M15 ERU 10 Advantages: Removes colloids, time, equipment Disadvantages: Chemicals, factor control (temp. time, dosage) 2. Removal of solids in suspension. Flocculation colloidscoagulation dosage and mixture flocculation sedimentation polyelectrolyte

11. Water treatment processes WATSAN M15 ERU 11 Advantages: No chemicals, modules, possible sterilization Disadvantages: Material (means of filtration) and facilities Absortion Active carbon Filtration + Back washing 2. Removal of solids in suspension. Filtration

12. Water treatment processes WATSAN M15 ERU 12 3. Disinfection

13. Water treatment processes WATSAN M15 ERU 13 To destroy the germs present in the raw water To destroy the germs introduced in the treatment and distribution systems (pipeline and storage) 3. Disinfection: Aims

14. Water treatment processes WATSAN M15 ERU 14 Properties of disinfection agents Physical agents: heat, UV radiation Chemical agents: chlorine, ozone, iodine, salts of ammonium… Chlorination Calcium hypochlorite HTH 70 % of active chlorine 3. Disinfection: Procedures

15. Water treatment processes WATSAN M15 ERU 15 3. Disinfection: Chlorination dosage Residual chlorine mg/l Applied chlorine mg/l Maximum quantity of combine chlorine Break point Free chlorine Residual combine chlorine

16. Water treatment processes WATSAN M15 ERU 16 Dosage: Chlorine request test Contact time pH and temperature Final ranges: 0.4 - 0,8 mg/l Shock chlorine 3. Disinfection: Chlorination

17. Water treatment processes WATSAN M15 ERU 17 DIAGRAMME INPUT TANKPREOXIDATION CARBON FILTER COAGULATION FLOCCULATION SEDIMENTATION SILEX FILTER FINAL CHLORINATION OUTPUT DRINKING WATER SLUDGE DRINKING WATER WASTE WATER RAW WATER COAGULANT FLOCULANT

18. Water treatment processes WATSAN M15 ERU 18 4. Water treatment in emergencies

19. Water treatment processes WATSAN M15 ERU 19 Pumping water from the water source Water storage in an onion tank (30,000 l.)Water pre-treatment with flocculent Submersible pump WATER TREATMENT PLANT Silex filterCarbon filterRapid mixer Pressure group Residual Chlorine Bladder tanks (10,000 litres) to store drinking water Water distribution Water distribution: Taps Chlorine & Alum Flocculation tank

20. Water treatment processes WATSAN M15 ERU 20 Specialized water production FLOCCULATION – pre-treatment in the tank – treatment in the sedimentation tank in the WTP CHLORINATION – in the WTP (shock & residual) 4. Water treatment in emergencies

21. Water treatment processes WATSAN M15 ERU 21 4. Water treatment in emergencies

22. Water treatment processes WATSAN M15 ERU 22 Mass water production FLOCCULATION – in the tank as chlorination pre-tretament CHLORINATION – in the tank 4. Water treatment in emergencies

23. Water treatment processes WATSAN M15 ERU 23 4. Water treatment in emergencies

24. Water treatment processes WATSAN M15 ERU 24 Thank you……….