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6:4 Skeletal System
Adult has 206 bones
Serves as framework for muscles, fat, and skin
Protects internal structures
Produces blood cells
Stores calcium
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2. 2 Main Parts of the Skeleton
Axial Skeleton
Contains:
Main trunk of body
Skull, spinal column, ribs, and sternum
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Appendicular Skeleton
Contains:
Extremities
Shoulder girdle, arm bones, pelvic girdle, and leg bones
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Skull
Composed of cranial & facial bones
Also contains:
Sutures: area where cranial bones are joined
Sinuses: air spaces in the skull
Foramina: openings in bones that allow for passage of blood vessels & nerves
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Cranial Bones
Frontal
Parietal (2)
Temporal (2)
Occipital
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
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Facial Bones
Mandible – lower jaw
Maxilla (2) – upper jaw
Zygomatic (2) – cheek
Nasal (5) – upper part of nose
Lacrimal (2) – inner aspect of eye
Palatine (2) – hard palate (roof of mouth)
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Vertebrae
Cervical (7) – neck
Thoracic (12) – chest, attach to ribs
Lumbar (5) – waist
Sacrum (1) – back of pelvic girdle
Coccyx (1) – tailbone
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Ribs (costae)
12 pairs of long slender bones
Attach to thoracic vertebrae
True ribs – first 7 pairs; attach to sternum
False ribs – last 5 pairs
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Sternum
AKA: Breastbone
Two clavicles attach
Ribs attach with cartilage
Xyphoid Process: tip of the sternum
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10. Shoulder or Pectoral Girdle
Made up of:
2 clavicles (collarbones)
2 scapula (shoulder bones)
Upper arm bones (humerus) attach to scapula
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Bones of the Arm
Humerus: upper arm
Radius: forearm; thumb side
Ulna: forearm; larger bone
Carpals: wrist
Metacarpals: palm of hand
Phalanges: fingers
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Bones of Pelvic Girdle
Consists of 2 os coxae: right & left sides (coxal or hip bones)
Symphysis pubis
Ilium: hip bone
Ischium
Pubis
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Bones of the Legs
Femur: upper leg; largest bone in the body
Patella: knee cap
Tibia: larger bone of lower leg (shin)
Fibula: smaller bone of lower leg
Tarsals: ankle
Metatarsals: top of the foot
Phalanges: toes
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Joints
Where two or more bones join
Ligaments
Three types of joints
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15. Diseases and Abnormal Conditions
Arthritis
Bursitis
Fractures
Dislocation
Sprain
Osteomyelitis
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