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WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS

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Presentation on theme: "WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS"— Presentation transcript:

1 WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS
Vitamins B and C Functions Effects of deficiency Sources Properties RDA

2 VITAMINS “VITAMIN” means “vital for life” VITAMINS are *Micronutrients
which are necessary for everyday healthy functioning of the body * Nutrients required in very small amounts - mg or µg M.A.Calvey/Vitamins 2006

3 VITAMINS - Two main categories
Water soluble B C Fat Soluble A D E K MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006

4 MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006
Water soluble Cannot be stored in body - regular supply needed Excess is excreted in urine - no danger of toxic levels Unstable to heat and light, leach into cooking liquids Fat Soluble Can be stored in body - regular supply not needed Can accumulate to toxic levels if large amounts ingested Fairly stable at normal cooking temperatures MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006

5 MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006
Vitamin B1 - Thiamine Deficiency Fatigue, depression, irritability Beri-beri - disease of nervous system Common in countries where polished rice is staple food Functions Essential for release of energy from carbohydrates Necessary for appetite and good health Needed for normal functioning of nervous system MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006

6 MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006
Vitamin B1 - Thiamine Sources Meat and offal Oatmeal, breakfast cereals Wheatgerm Fortified white flour Milk Eggs Vegetables MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006

7 MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006
Vitamin B1 - Thiamine Properties Water soluble Destroyed by high temperatures Destroyed by alkalis Lost by milling flour, leaching into cooking liquids and in thawing frozen food RDA 1mg per day - Requirement increases with energy expenditure MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006

8 MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006
Vitamin B2 -Riboflavin Functions Metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats Growth, repair, development of body tissues - healthy skin, eyes and tongue The principal growth promoting factor in the vitamin B complex Deficiency Loss of appetite Swollen tongue, cracked lips, eye infection, dermatitis MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006

9 MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006
Vitamin B2 -Riboflavin Sources Offal Milk Cheese Eggs Yeast extracts Green Vegetables MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006

10 MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006
Vitamin B2 -Riboflavin RDA mg per day Properties Water soluble Unstable at high temperatures Destroyed by alkalis Light sensitive MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006

11 Vitamin B -Niacin (Nicotinic acid)
Functions Metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats Needed for normal functioning of nervous system Deficiency Fatigue, depression, irritability Beri-beri - disease of nervous system Common in countries where polished rice is staple food MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006

12 Vitamin B -Niacin (Nicotinic acid)
Sources Meat, Offal Yeast extracts Yeast Bran, wheatgerm, flour Some pulses, dried fruit MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006

13 Vitamin B -Niacin (Nicotinic acid)
*Related to protein intake *RDA mg per day Properties Water soluble Stable to heat Fairly stable to acids/alkalis 80 -90% loss in milling MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006

14 MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006
Vitamin B6 -Pyridoxine Functions Protein metabolism Involved in formation of haemoglobin, hormones and structural proteins Healthy development of nervous system Deficiency Tiredness and Fatigue, irritability Premenstrual tension Infants may suffer convulsions if there is deficiency MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006

15 MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006
Vitamin B6 -Pyridoxine Sources Meat Offal Eggs Yeast extracts Fish Cereals MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006

16 MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006
Vitamin B6 -Pyridoxine RDA 2mg per day Properties Water soluble Reasonably heat stable Sensitive to high temperatures, oxygen, milling and processing MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006

17 Vitamin B12 - (Cyano) Cobalamin
Functions Red blood cell formation Nervous system - maintains myelin sheath around nerves Helps treat pernicious anaemia Deficiency Pernicious anaemia Nerve degeneration MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006

18 Vitamin B12 - (Cyano) Cobalamin
Sources Meat, Offal Fish Cheese No B12 in plant foods - Vegans, vegetarians risk of deficiency MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006

19 Vitamin B12 - (Cyano) Cobalamin
RDA 3-4 µg per day Properties Water soluble Heat stable up to 100°C Affected by strong acids/alkalis Affected by light MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006

20 MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006
Vitamin B -Folic Acid Functions Red blood cell formation Essential for synthesis of DNA and RNA Development of brain, spinal cord and skeleton in foetus Reduces risk of neural tube defects e.g. spina bifida May play role preventing heart attacks, strokes and cancer Deficiency Fatigue in mild cases Anaemia in severe cases Neural tube defects Important to take folic acid prior to conception and vital during first 3 months pregnancy MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006

21 MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006
Vitamin B -Folic Acid Sources Offal Fortified cereals Green leafy vegetables Potatoes bread Milk Wheatgerm MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006

22 MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006
Vitamin B -Folic Acid RDA 300 µg per day More during pregnancy Properties Water soluble Unaffected by acids Sensitive to light and oxidation MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006

23 Vitamin C -Ascorbic Acid
Functions Formation of connective tissue, collagen Critical to immune system Helps absorption of iron Prevents scurvy Promotes healing of wounds and healthy blood vessels Acts as antioxidant, protects HDL cholesterol Deficiency Weakening of connective tissue Susceptibility to infection Incomplete iron absorption Delayed healing of wounds MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006

24 Vitamin C -Ascorbic Acid
Sources Rosehips, blackcurrants, green peppers, kiwi, citrus fruits, strawberries, spinach, cabbage, broccolli MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006

25 Vitamin C -Ascorbic Acid
Properties Water soluble Destroyed by alkalis, dry or moist heat and enzymes Sensitive to light and oxygen Acts as an antioxidant RDA 30-60 mg per day Least stable of all vitamins MACalvey/Teachnet/Vitamins 2006

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