1. The Properties of Water

2. The Mickey Mouse Molecule!
Hydrogen
Hydrogen
Oxygen

3. Structure of a Water Molecule
Water is polar.
A polar molecule is a molecule that has an electrical charge.
Water is made of:
2 Hydrogen Atoms and 1 Oxygen atom.
The chemical formula for water is: H2O
Hydrogen has a positive (+) charge and Oxygen has a negative (-) charge.

4. 4 Key Properties of Water
Capillary Action
Surface Tension
Universal Solvent
Specific Heat

5. Capillary Action
Capillary action is the combined force of attraction among water molecules and with the molecules of surrounding materials.
Examples of Capillary Action of Water:
Liquid rising inside a straw
Paper towel absorbing water
Wet jeans
Plant roots absorbing water
Sponge

6. Surface Tension Examples of the surface tension of water:
Surface tension is the tightness across the surface of water that is caused by the polar molecules pulling on one another
Examples of the surface tension of water:
Raindrops forming beads on surface
Water strider
Paperclip Floating on Water
Drops of Water on a Penny
Skipping Rocks
Meniscus
Belly Flops

7. Jesus Lizard My real name is the “Green Basilisk Lizard “....
But not like the one from Harry Potter!!! 

9. Water Strider

10. Universal Solvent
Solution: A mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another.
Solvent: substance that does the dissolving.
Solute: substance that gets dissolved.
Water is the universal solvent because it dissolves so many substances because of its high polarity.
Water can dissolve substances such as salt and sugar but cannot dissolve oil.
- Polar Dissolves Polar.

12. Specific Heat
Water requires a lot of heat (gain or loss) to change its temperature due to the strong attraction among water molecules.
Specific heat is the amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of a substance by 10C
Example of specific heat:
- Water temperature vs. sand temperature at the beach during the day.

13. Why does water have a high specific heat?
Water’s high specific heat is due to the strong attraction among water molecules.
The molecules are stuck together and it takes a lot of energy to break the strong bonds of the water molecules.

14. Changing State Water exists in 3 forms: solid liquid gas solid liquid

15. Molecule Movement Molecules move the slowest in a solid.
Solid-molecules are close together
Molecules move the fastest in a gas.
Gas-molecules move freely; they are spread apart

16. Phase Changes Melting-water changes from a solid to a liquid
Example: Ice melts into water
Freezing-water changes from a liquid to a solid
Example: Water freezes into ice
Melting
Solid
Liquid
Freezing

17. Phase Changes
Evaporation- process by which molecules at the surface of a liquid absorb enough energy to change to the gaseous state
Example: boiling water, hair air-drying, wet clothes drying on a clothesline outside, puddle drying up
Condensation-process by which a gas changes to a liquid
Example: water droplets on the outside of a glass
fogging up a window
Evaporation
Gas
Liquid
Condensation

18. Phase Changes

19. Phase Change Diagram