1. Personality
Chapter 14 Review

2. Purpose of Personality Theories
All of the following are purposes of all personality theories except
Organize various traits
Explain differences between people
Determine how life can be improved
Catalogue the various personality traits

3. Psychoanalytic Theory
The father of psychoanalytic theory is
Carl Jung
Sigmund Freud
Alfred Adler
Abraham Maslow

4. Psychoanalytic Theory
The id represents
Things you do through instinct
Personality traits you learned from your parents
Basic instincts to kill and create
Your moral conscience

5. Psychoanalytic Theory
Kayla is five years old, and her mum just had a baby. Kayla was potty trained, but has suddenly started peeing her pants. She is
Projecting her insecurities
Denying her insecurities
Regressing
Sublimating

6. Psychoanalytic Theory
The job of the ego is to
Balance out the demands of the id and superego
Suppress the needs of the id
Determine what defence mechanism to use
Be the moral guidance for a person.

7. Psychoanalytic Theory
According to Freud’s defence mechanisms, what is the only healthy way to manage inappropriate feelings or desires?
Rationalization
Intellectualization
Displacement
Sublimation

8. Psychoanalytic Theory
The id, ego, and superego operate on what principles respectively?
Dominate, regulate, frustrate
Pleasure, reality, morality
Pleasure, morality, reality
Reality, morality, pleasure

9. Psychoanalytic Theory
Which of the following is NOT one of Freud’s defence mechanisms?
Reaction formation
Repression
Denial
Speculation

10. Learning Theories
According to Behaviourism, contingencies of reinforcement are
Conditions that reinforce behaviour
Punishments to dissuade behaviour
People who reinforce negative behaviour
Thought patterns that reinforce the individual’s own behaviour.

11. Learning Theories
According to Behaviourism, people _________________their contingencies of reinforcement.
Are aware of
Choose
Are unaware of
Are somewhat aware of

12. Learning Theories In social cognitive theory, self-efficacy is
Our perception of our ability to succeed
Our overall view of ourselves
The ability to motivate oneself
Awareness of oneself

13. Learning Theories
According to Bandura, if outcome expectations are positive,
The individual will have positive self-esteem
The individual will keep trying to succeed
The individual will give up
The individual has unrealistic perceptions

14. Humanistic Theories Humanistic theories make the assumption that
All people are equal
All people are inherently good
All people are inherently motivated
All people are inherently goal oriented

15. Humanistic Theories
All of the following are traits of self-actualized individuals except
Need for approval from others
Spontaneity
Problem-centered
Few but deep relationships

16. Humanistic Theories
Which of the following is a criticism of Maslow’s theories?
Assumption of goodness is an intrusion of values
Eurocentric definition of self-actualization
Sample selection is not random
All of the above

17. Humanistic Theories
According to Carl Rogers, what is “unconditional positive regard”?
People will always remember you
People tend to treat others politely to maintain harmony.
Acceptance of an individual or the self for virtues and flaws
Over-permissive parenting

18. Humanistic Theories According to Rogers, “conditions of worth” are
Parameters we put on our value as individuals
Conditions we put on ourselves to be valued
Conditions others put on us that must be met before they will accept us
Checklists we create to determine the value or worth of another individual

19. Cognitive Theories A schema is How we perceive ourselves
How we perceive the world
How we perceive others
How we think others perceive us

20. Trait Theories Trait theories makes two assumptions about people:
People can change who they are; personalities are static.
Traits can be exclusive to each other; traits are finite
Personalities can be catalogued; behaviour can be changed
All traits apply to all people; traits can be measured and quantified

21. Trait Theories According to Gordon Allport,
Cardinal traits make us predictable in most situations.
Cardinal traits define who we are.
Cardinal traits are not deemed central to the personality
Cardinal traits are shared by all people.

22. Trait Theories
Allport’s “central trait” is similar to Raymond Cattell’s
Primary trait
Secondary trait
Surface trait
Source trait