1. ATN/GNSS Seminar Varadero, Cuba 6 to 9 May 2002 Overview of GNSS
Presentation GNSS 1.1 by
V. Iatsouk, GNSS Panel Secretary
ANB/ICAO

2. ICAO definition of GNSS
A world-wide position and time determination system, that includes:
one or more satellite constellations
aircraft receivers
system integrity monitoring
augmented as necessary to support the required navigation performance for the intended operation .

3. GNSS-related work areas
GNSS standardization (SARPs)
Operational issues
Institutional and legal issues
Economics
GNSS transition planning

4. GNSS standardization methodology
Core elements (satellite constellations)
Augmentations
Non-aircraft and aircraft elements
Evolutionary integration of new elements

5. Scope of GNSS SARPs (Annex 10, Volume I, applicable as of 1 November 2001)
Establish GNSS as a new standard aid to:
navigation; and
approach and landing

6. Scope of GNSS SARPs GNSS elements defined: GPS GLONASS
aircraft-based augmentation system(ABAS)
satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS)
ground-based augmentation system (GBAS
receivers (essential characteristics)

7. Present GNSS capabilities defined in SARPs
Six performance levels and respective functionalities defined for:
en-route
non-precision approach (NPA)
approach with vertical guidance (APV)
Category I precision approach
Other performance levels yet to be defined

8. APV types
LNAV/ BaroVNAV
APV-I
APV-II

9. GNSS performance levels by alert limits

10. Recent GNSS enhancements (Amendment 77 to Annex 10)
SBAS Message Type 28
GBAS positioning service
GLONASS-related requirements for SBAS and GBAS

11. Status of GNSS elements
GPS
28 SVs operational, modernization programme under way
Block IIR-M SV (L2C) launches to begin 2003
Block IIF SV (L5) launches to begin 2005

12. Status of GNSS elements (cont’d)
GLONASS
9 SVs in orbit, 6 operational without limitations
plans to expand up to SVs by 2005 including GLONASS-M
planning for GLONASS-K after 2010

13. Status of GNSS elements (cont’d)
GALILEO
Funding for development phase released
Development and validation ( )
Deployment ( )
Operational phase 2008
SBAS (WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS)
Operational

14. Status of GNSS elements (cont’d)
GBAS
two basic configurations (Cat I PA & Cat I PA with GBAS positioning service)
VHF data broadcast options with horizontal (GBAS/H) and elliptical (GBAS/E) polarization
certified Cat I GBAS stations in US (LAAS) and Europe in time frame

15. Status of GNSS elements (cont’d)
ABAS avionics:
RTCA (EUROCAE) MOPS/MASPS
RTCA DO-208
EUROCAE ED-72A
FAA Technical Standard Order (TSO)
TSO-C129A Level 2 (En route/Terminal)
TSO-C129A Levels 1 or 3 (NPA)

16. Status of GNSS elements (cont’d)
SBAS avionics:
RTCA (EUROCAE) MOPS/MASPS
RTCA DO-229C
EUROCAE (under development)
FAA Technical Standard Order (TSO)
TSO-C145
TSO-C146

17. Status of GNSS elements (cont’d)
GBAS avionics:
RTCA (EUROCAE) MOPS/MASPS
RTCA DO-24, 246 and 253
EUROCAE ED-95
FAA Technical Standard Order (TSO)
under development

18. Further work on GNSS GRAS (ground-based regional augmentation system)
GLONASS-M
GPS L5
GALILEO
Category II/III GBAS
architectures to support aerodrome surface operations, guided take-off, curved approaches

19. Status in related areas
Transition to WGS-84
Data base quality and integrity
RF spectrum protection
Procedures, criteria, phraseologies, charts
Institutional and legal issues
Costs and cost/benefit issues
All familiar with these systems - more details in ICAO RF Handbook and SARPs (refer to handouts)
NDB hundreds of kHz, to 5GHz
primary radar 1-10 GHz
Airborne radar, ASDE >10GHz
VHF 19 MHz ( )
1947: 200 kHz <100 channels
1954: 100 kHz
1967: 50 kHz
1974: 25 kHz
1995: 8.33 kHz (EUR) >2000 channels
...
New technologies, eg VDL

20. WGS-84 and data base quality
Steady progress is being made
Some States notified differences
Global implementation of GNSS not possible before world-wide compliance is achieved

21. GNSS spectrum aspects Current allocations
Allocations to support system enhancements and expansion
RF compatibility issues

22. Operational issues PANS-OPS criteria for basic GPS receiver available
Criteria for SBAS and GBAS approach procedures under development
Phraseologies and charting requirements under development
NOTAM procedures reviewed
Flight plan information reviewed

23. GNSS legal/institutional issues
ICAO Assembly Resolutions A32-19 and A32-20
Work on legal aspects of CNS/ATM systems in progress
33 rd Session of Assembly reviewed status of work

24. Costs and cost allocations
Assembly Resolution A32-19
Cost allocation issues
multi-modal services
allocation options
Studies to continue

25. COM/OPS/95 Strategy (Annex 10, Volume I, Attachment B)
Flexibility versus single standard
Three standard systems included:
ILS: Fully implemented; some sustainability issues exist or perceived
MLS: Limited implementation; Categories I, II and III capability is proven and available
GNSS: Category I capability to be validated; feasibility studies for Categories II and III to continue
MMR implementation encouraged
Time frames projections:
Category I GNSS available
Category II, III GNSS available

26. Major trends since COM/OPS/95
GPS-based operations spreading (en-route, NPA)
Augmentations development progresses with delays
GLONASS declined
GNSS (GPS) vulnerability recognized
“Sole means” concept no longer advocated
Development of new GNSS elements advances (GPS L5, Galileo)
Marginal user support for SBAS and GBAS services

27. Policy aspects Emerging navigation issues require:
revisions of the ICAO Global Air Navigation Plan for CNS/ATM Systems
updates of the ICAO strategy for approach and landing operations
amendments to SARPs affected by GNSS introduction
Need for ICAO meeting established to review GNSS development status and navigation strategy

28. Conclusions
Transition to satellite navigation is a long term commitment
ICAO and industry standards available to support near-term and mid-term applications
SBAS service, GBAS stations and respective avionics will be generally available in the near term
Near-term focus to continue on approvals for en-route (oceanic and remote), terminal and NPA operations using basic GPS avionics
Mid-term focus on SBAS-based APV and GBAS-based Category I PA

29. Conclusions (cont’d)
Two core satellite systems and dual frequency operations to begin beyond 2010
User community commitment to transition is crucial factor
ICAO 11th Air Navigation Conference (22 September-3 October 2003) to review GNSS status and navigation policy issues