1. Acids and Bases

2. Acid – any compound that produces hydronium ions (H3O+) in water
(by releasing H+ ions)

3. Properties of Acids:
Taste sour (don’t taste them)
Turn Litmus paper red
Turn indicator solution pink or red
Can be very strong (like battery acid) or less strong (like citrus juice)
Can break down metals

4. Base – any compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in water.
(Basic)

5. Properties of Bases:
Taste bitter (don’t taste them)
Feel Slippery
Turn Litmus paper blue
Turn indicator solution blue or green
Can be very strong (like bleach) or less strong (like baking soda)
Can break down fats and proteins
Another word for basic is alkaline

6. The pH scale is used to measure how acidic or basic a substance is.
pH stands for potential Hydrogen
The pH scale goes from 0 – 14
A neutral substance has a pH of 7 and is not acid or base
Acids have pH of >0 to < 7
Bases have a pH of >7 to < 14

7. Each number on the pH scale represents a change that is tenfold in how acidic or basic a substance is.
That means that a substance with a value of 2 is ten (10) times more acidic than a substance with a pH of 3. A substance with a pH of 1 is one hundred (100) times more acidic that a substance with a pH of 3

8. To determine if a substance is an acid or a base, an indicator can be used.
An indicator is a substance that changes color when it comes in contact with an acid or a base.
Litmus paper and red cabbage juice are two common indicators.

9. More vocabulary 
Aquaeous – a solution that is made mostly of water.
Buffer – a substance that can temporarily block changes in the pH
Ion – an atom with an unequal number of electrons and protons
Negative ion – an atom with more electrons than protons
Positive ion – an atom with more protons than electrons