1. PRIVATE HEALTH CARE FACILITIES
CHAPTER 1:2 – 1:4

2. HEALTH CARE
One of the largest and fastest-growing industries in the United States
10 million workers in 200 different health careers
14 million workers by 2008
$2,000,000,000 per day!

3. HOSPITALS Vary in size and type of services provided
General hospitals treat wide range of conditions
Specialty hospitals
Care for certain conditions or age groups
Examples: burn, oncology, pediatric, psychiatric, rehabilitation, and orthopedic
Government hospitals
Operated by federal, state, and local government agencies
World-wide facilities for government service personnel and their dependents
Veteran’s Administration hospitals
State psychiatric hospitals
State rehabilitation centers

4. HOSPITALS Classifications based on funding received
University or college medical centers
Provide services, research and education
Can be funded by private or government sources
Classifications based on funding received
Private or proprietary: operated for profit; usually by patient fees and/or organization that provide financial support
Religious: religious support and patient fees
Non-profit or voluntary: patient fees and donations
Government: tax monies and/or patient fees

5. LONG-TERM CARE FACILITIES
Provide care for elderly, people with physical or mental disabilities, and individuals with chronic or long-term illness
Individuals receiving care are usually called residents instead of patients (or clients)
Nursing homes or geriatric homes
Provide basic physical and emotional care
Usually for individuals who cannot care for themselves
Help individuals with ADLs, provide a safe and secure environment, and promote opportunities for social interactions

6. EXTENDED CARE FACILITIES
Provide skilled nursing and rehabilitative care
Prepare resident for return to home environment or other long-term facility
Some have subacute units: provide rehabilitation services for major illness or surgery, treatment of cancer, or treatments such as dialysis or heart monitoring
Independent or assisted living facilities: individuals purchase or rent units and can receive services such as meals, house-keeping, laundry, transportation, social events, and basic medical care
Most assisted or independent living facilities are associated with nursing homes, extended care facilities, to allow an individual to move readily from one level of care to the next when health needs change

7. SPECIAL SERVICES LTFs Delivery of meals to homes
Senior citizen or adult daycare centers
Social activities for elderly

8. MEDICAL OFFICES
Privately owned offices to large complexes operating as corporations and employing many doctors and other health care professions
Services: diagnosis, treatment, examinations, basic laboratory tests, minor surgery, and other similar care
Some treat wide variety of illnesses/ages, others specialize and deal with only certain age groups or conditions

9. DENTAL OFFICES
Private offices to dental clinics employing several dentists
Dental clinics now found in major retail/department stores
Can provide general or specialized dental care
Can you name some?

10. CLINICS Found in many types of health care
Can refer to group of medical/dental doctors who share a facility and other personnel
Other clinics operated by corporation or private groups and provide special care
Surgical clinics or surgicenters
Emergency care clinics
Rehabilitation clinics
Diabetes or oncology (caner) clinics
Hospitals often operate clinics such as out-patient clinics

11. CLINICS
Health departments offer clinics such as pediatric care, sexually transmitted diseases, respiratory diseases, immunizations, and other special services
Medical centers at colleges/universities offer clinics for various conditions
Frequently these provide free care
Provide learning experiences for medical students

12. OPTICAL CENTERS
Can be individually owned by an ophthalmologist or optometrist or part of a large chain of stores
Provide vision examinations, prescribe eye-glasses or contact lenses, and check for the presence of eye diseases

13. EMERGENCY CARE SERVICES
Provide special care for accidents or sudden illness
Examples:
Ambulance services: private and governmental
Rescue squads: frequently operated by fire departments
Emergency care clinics and centers
Emergency rooms operated by hospitals
Helicopter or airplane emergency services

14. LABORATORIES
Can be part of other facility or oprated as separate health care service
Medical laboratories: perform diagnostic tests
Dental laboratories: prepare dentures and other devices

15. HOME HEALTH CARE Provide care in patient’s home Examples of care:
Nursing care
Personal care: bathing, dressing, and so forth
Therapy: physical, occupational, speech, respiratory
Homemaking: food preparation, cleaning, washing, and so forth
Home care services can be offered by health departments, hospitals, private agencies, government agencies, nonprofit agencies, volunteer groups, and so forth

16. HOSPICE AGENCIES
Provide care for terminally ill persons with life expectancy of six months or less
Care provided in person’s home or hospice facility
Allows person to die with dignity and in comfort
Provides psychological, social, spiritual, and financial counseling for both patient and family

17. MENTAL HEALTH FACILITIES
Deal with mental diseases and disorders
Examples:
Guidance and counseling centers
Psychiatric clinics and hospitals
Chemical abuse treatment centers for alcohol/drug abuse
Physical abuse treatment centers (child or spouse abuse)

18. GENETIC COUNSELING CENTERS
Can be an independent facility or located in another facility such as a hospital, clinic, or physician’s office
Work with couples or individuals who are pregnant or considering a pregnancy
Perform prenatal screening tests
Check for genetic abnormalities and birth defects
Explain the results of tests
Identify medical options when a birth defect is present
Help the individuals copoe with the psychological issues caused by a genetic disorder
Counselors frequently consult with couples prior to a pregnancy if the woman is in her late child-bearing years, has a family history of genetic disease, or is of a specific race or nationality with a prevalence of genetic disease

19. REHABILITATION FACILITIES
Provide care directed at helping patient with physical or mental disabilities obtain maximum self-care and function
Can include hospitals, clinics, and/or private centers
Services can include physical, occupational, recreational, speech, and hearing therapies

20. Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs)
Provide total health care directed toward preventive care
Services: examinations, basic medical services, health education, hospitalization, rehabilitation
Mode of operation
Some operated by large industries or corporations
Some operated by private agencies
Use services of other health care facilities including medical/dental offices, hospitals, rehabilitative centers, home health care, clinics, laboratories

21. Industrial health care centers
Located in large industries or companies
Provide health care for employees of the industry
Services: basic exams, teach accident prevention/safety, provide emergency care

22. School Health Services
Found in schools and colleges
Services:
Emergency care for accidents and sudden illness
Tests to check for health conditions: speech, vision, and hearing
Promote health education
Maintain safe and sanitary school environment
counseling

23. Government Agencies
Offered at international, national, state, and local levels
Most are tax supported
World Health Organization (WHO)
International agency sponsored by United Nations
Services:
Compiles statistics and information on disease
Publishes health information
Investigates and deals with serious health problems throughout the world

24. United States Dept. of Health and Human Services (USDHHS)
National agency dealing with health problems in the U.S.
Divisions:
National Institute of Health (NIH): research on disease
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): causes, spread and control of diseases in populations
Food and Drug Administration (FDA): regulates food and drug products sold to the public
Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR): est. in 1990 to research the quality of health care delivery and identify the standards of treatment that should be porvided by health care facilities
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): establishes and enforces standards that protect workers from job-related injuries and illnesses

25. State and Local Health Dept’s.
Provide health services as directed by USDHHS
Provide health services as directed by state or local community
Immunization for disease control
Inspections for environmental health and sanitation
Communicable disease control
Collection of statistics and health records
Health education
Clinics for health care and prevention
Government agencies are tax supported

26. Voluntary or Nonprofit Agencies
Supported by donations, membership fees, fundraisers, and federal or state grants
Provide health services at national, state, local levels
Examples:
American Cancer Society
American Heart Association
American Respiratory Disease Association
American Diabetes Association
National Association of Mental Health
National Foundation of March of Dimes
American Red Cross
Many deal with one specific disease or groups of diseases
Study disease
Provide funding to encourage research for curing or treating the disease
Promote public education
Some purchase medical equipment and supplies
Some provide treatment centers
Supply information on other community agencies