1. Darwin The Voyage of the Beagle (1839)
Galapagos finches
Darwin The Voyage of the Beagle (1839)
(five years from )
"Seeing this gradation and diversity of structure in one small, intimately related
group of birds, one might really fancy that from an original paucity of birds
in this archipelago, one species had been taken and modified for different ends“ (1845)

2. Alfred R. Wallace Wallace Line "On the Monkeys of the Amazon“ (1853,
based on travels to Amazon in 1848)
"On the Law Which has Regulated
the Introduction of Species“ (1855,
also based on trips to Pacific in )

3. A. Aegyptopithecus A
Proto-monkey B
B. Proconsul

4. Hominids: Great Apes & Humans Human Hominins Chimpanzee ≥6 ≥7 ≈3
Bonobo
14 mya
Gorilla
Orangutan

5. Early Hominins (Human line)
Bi-pedal, smaller teeth, and larger brains

6. Ardipithecus ramidus
Science, 10/02/09
Opposable big toe

7. Australopithicus afarensis
“Lucy” (Hadar,
Ethiopia 3.5 mya)
Bipedal
Small brain

8. robust (Paranthropus)
gracile
robust (Paranthropus)
400k-now k
1.8+
2.8-1
3-2
3.7-3 7
Ardipithecus,

10. H. Habilis by 1.9 mya
H. sapiens
A. boisei

11. Oldowan

12. “Turkana Boy”
an adolescent boy 1.6 mya of the species Homo ergaster; basically modern from head down

13. fairly modern post-cranial skeleton

14. Dmanisi, Republic of Georgia,
Ubeidiya,
Homo ergaster/erectus Dispersal
Dmanisi, Republic of Georgia,
million years ago
Physiology and technology enabled rapid colonization of new areas,
budding off (not far) from parent group

15. Acheulean Tradition
(St. Acheul)
Oldowan
Acheulean

16. Human (Homo) occupation of the world, 1.7 million to 600,000 years ago
(Hallam) Movius line (1948)

17. H. habilis/rudolfensis
H. sapiens
forehead
face
H. neandertalensis
chin
H. erectus
H. habilis/rudolfensis
A. africanus
10 mya

18. H. floresiensis, or “the Hobbit”
400 k - now k k
800k
1 m – 50k
H. sapiens
1.8 m – 600 k
H. floresiensis, or “the Hobbit”

19. Homo antecessor, Gran Dolina, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain (800k)
Dolina boy
Homo antecessor, Gran Dolina, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain (800k)
(unlikely ancestor to H. heidelbergensis)

21. Main cave

22. Sima de los Huesos ( k)
2000 specimens (≥32 individuals), 4 times the combined
samples from all other sites of similar age
Sima skull
Anticipates classic Neanderthal
Why: disease, attack, or disposal of the dead

23. Homo sapiens Dispersal