1. The Rise of the British Parliamentary System

2. Netherlands’ golden age
Government
Parliamentary monarchy
Republic
States General
Holland dominates
Tolerance
Calvinists official religion
Agriculture, trade, and finance, commercialism
Dikes
Shipping trades produce and serves as “trucking”
Cheap grain for rest of Europe, dairy, beef, tulips
Fishing
Shipbuilding
East Asia, Eastern Pacific (Dutch East Indies Company)
Indonesia, Java, Sri-Lanka
Fall of Dutch
Provinces fear strong stadtholder, prevent central government
Slow decline
Naval supremacy to British
Continue to be financially dominant and banking

3. 2 Types of Government Parliamentary Monarchy Absolute Monarchy England
France, Russia
Divine Right

4. England

5. James I (r. 1603-1625) Son of Mary Queen of Scots (James VI)
Role of Parliament
To prevent parliamentary power, he needed new way to collect finances
Impositions (customs duties)
Parliament offended by this challenge to their authority
Staunchly Anglican
Pushes Puritans to America (Plymouth and Massachusetts)
Sold government positions, ruling through favorites, scandal
Foreign policy
Peace with Spain
Pro-Catholic?
Hesitant to rush troops to assist Protestants in Germany

6. Charles I (r )
Parliament favored war with Spain, but distrusted monarchy
Would not fund British war
Charles levies taxes, forced loans, imprisonment and quartering of troops
Parliament allows for finances to Charles if he recognized Petition of Right
No forced loans or taxation without Parliament’s consent, no imprisonment or quartering without due cause
Dissolving of Parliament
Parliament frustrated with monarchy
Arrests and executes king’s advisors
Abolishes courts enforcing royal policy, forbids ability to levy new tax without Parliamentary approval
Refuses to give Charles finances to declare war against Scotland

7. English Civil War ( )
Frustrated Charles I invades Parliament to arrest opponents, flees England to amass army
Parliamentary army organized by Oliver Cromwell
Captures and executes Charles I
Abolition of monarchy, House of Lords, Anglican Church
Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of England
Religion converts to Puritan England
Brutally conquers Scotland and Ireland (Catholic)
Establishment of military dictatorship
Prohibition of drunkenness, dancing, theater

8. Charles II (r )
Parliament reestablishes monarchy, House of Lords, Anglican Church
Invites Charles II (son of Charles I) to return to England
Politique, but favors Catholicism
Clarendon Code
Excludes Catholics and Presbyterians from power in England
Charles wants to ally with France (Catholic) against Dutch (Protestant)
Creates Declaration of Indulgence, suspending laws against Catholics
Parliament refuses to fund war until Declaration rescinded
Issues Test Act, forcing all political and military leaders to deny transubstantiation

9. James II (r. 1685-1688) Issues new Declaration of Indulgence
Suspends religious tests, permits free worship
English invite William III of Orange and his wife Mary to take English throne (Netherlands)

10. William and Mary (r. 1689-1702) William arrives with army
James flees without bloodshed, “Glorious Revolution”
W&M issue Bill of Rights
Limit monarchical power, guarantees civil liberties of upper classes
Monarchy subject to power of the Parliament, called every three years
Prohibited Roman Catholics from ruling throne
Toleration Act
Permitted worship by all Protestants
Outlawed Catholicism
Act of Settlement
Makes Queen Anne (daughter of James II) monarch (r )
After Queen Anne, if no heir, monarchy passes to House of Hanover in Germany (George I)
COME IN TO FIX ENGLAND AND PASS MONARCHY BACK TO ENGLISH

11. George and Walpole (1714-1727) Anne dies w/o heir
Monarchy passes to House of Hanover, George I
Sir Robert Walpole dominates politics of England beginning in
Makes England what it is
Nation of prosperity through trade
New overseas colonies
Political liberties and true free speech
Significant religious tolerance