1. Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in Higher Education in Africa (ASG-QA: PART B: EQA and PART C: QAAs) Presented at:
CONSULTATIVE WORKSHOPS ON AFRICAN STANDRDS AND GUIDELINES FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE IN HGHER EDUCATION 15th -17th November 2017
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Presenter: Dr. Rispa Odongo
Chair, of Technical Working Group (TWG)

2. Part B: External Quality Assurance (EQA)
Part B describes the methodologies (or standards) used by QAAs for external quality assurance of higher education institutions.
EQA ensures HEIs subject themselves to periodic external assessment for accountability and quality enhancement.
EQA takes into account the standards and guidelines in Part A (IQA) to:
Ensure that IQA examined is relevant to and efficient for the concerned higher education institution, and
Ensure there is consistency between internal quality assurance by institutions themselves and external quality assurance.

3. Areas Covered Objectives of EQA and Consideration for IQA
Designing External Quality Assurance Mechanisms Fit-for-Purpose
Implementation Processes of EQA
Independence of Evaluation
Decision and Reporting of EQA Outcomes
Periodic Review of Institutions and Programmes
Complaints and Appeals

4. Examples of EQA Standards with Guidelines

5. 3. Implementation Processes of EQA
Standard
The criteria, processes, and procedures for EQA shall be pre-defined, reliable, published, and consistently implemented for purposes of accountability.
Guidelines
EQA is carried out professionally, consistently and transparently to ensure it is acceptable to HEIs.
EQA is done on the basis of the self-assessment/self-evaluation by the HEIs.
EQA process include:
Self-assessment/self-evaluation by the HEI and Self-Assessment Report (SAR)/Self-Evaluation Report (SER);
Assessment of SAR/SER by Panel of Peers
Site visit to the institution - Interviews stakeholders, verify facilities and documentary evidence for quality.
Exit Oral Report by Peers to HEI Management before the Review Panel leaves the institution;
Preliminary report provided to the institution for confirmation of factual data
Final report of the external review prepared.
Follow up on recommendations

6. 4. Independence of Evaluation
Standard
EQA shall be carried out by panels of external experts/peer reviewers drawn from a wide range of expertise and experience.
Guidelines
Best practices of EQA is based on the consistent use of a wide range of expertise and experiences:
Peer reviewers are drawn from academics, employers or professional practitioners, and students;
To ensure professionalism, consistency and transparency of output of experts/peer reviewers, it is necessary that they:
Are carefully selected,
Have appropriate skills and competency to perform tasks assigned to them,
Are adequately inducted on EQA principles and procedures before undertaking the external review, and
Are independent, no -conflict-of-interest, sign a “Declaration of Independence Form”;

7. Guidelines (continued)
In the case of possible conflict of interest, the institution is given the opportunity to object to any member of the proposed review panel; and
d) Involvement of international experts is considered a good practice in EQA.

8. 6. Periodic Review of Institutions and Programmes
Standard
External quality assurance of institutions and programmes should be undertaken on a cyclical basis.
Guidelines
The length of the review cycle is clearly defined and published:
For academic programmes, the review cycle is consistent with the duration of the programme;
Depending on the context of the quality assurance system, for institutions, the cyclical institutional review is carried out preferably every five years; and
Every cyclical review results in a report of general findings of the review.

9. 7. Complaints and Appeals
Standard
Processes of lodging complaints and appeals should be clearly defined and communicated to the institution concerned.
Guidelines
Safeguard the rights of the HEI and ensure fairness in the decision-making process.
There is a process for HEI to raise issues of concern with the QAA if it can demonstrate that the outcome of the external review is not based on sound evidence. It is, therefore, critical that:
There is established an appeals system/committee/board;
The institution is allowed to raise issues of concern consistent with the appeals system;
There are clearly defined complaints and appeals processes and procedures, which are consistently applied; and
Appeals are handled professionally, are consistently applied, and feedback is provided.

10. Part C: Internal Quality Assurance for Quality Assurance Agencies
Part C of the ASG-QA is for the purpose of internal quality assurance of QAAs.
It involves the following:
Self-assessment by QAA’s of its policies, practices, procedures and activities; and/or
External assessment by another body/peer organisation.

11. Areas Covered Legal Status Vision and Mission Statement
Policies, Processes and Activities
Financial and Human Resources
Independence of QAA
Internal Quality Assurance Criteria and Processes
Benchmarking, Networking and Collaboration
Periodic Review of QAAs

12. Examples of QAA Standards with Guidelines

13. 2. Independence of QAA Standard
The QAA shall be independent and autonomous in its operations, outcomes, judgements and decisions.
Guidelines
The QAA make independent decisions and judgements that are not subject to change by third parties. Independence of an agency includes the following:
Organisational independence - demonstrated by official documentation, such as legislative acts or statutes and instruments of governance, that stipulate the independence of the agency’s work from third parties (e.g. HEIs, governments, other stakeholders).
Operational independence - the definitions and operations of the agency’s procedures and methods, nomination and appointment of qualified external experts (including the provision of no objection).
Independence of formal outcomes – the final decision of quality assurance activity remains the responsibility of the QAA even if experts / peers are involved in the quality assurance activity.

14. 3. Vision and Mission Statement
Standard
The QAA shall have written and published vision and mission statements or set of objectives taking cognisance of the higher education context.
Guidelines
The vision, mission and objectives show that:
EQA is the major activity of the agency;
There is a systematic approach to achieving the vision, mission and objectives of the QAA;
The objectives are implemented in line with a practical management plan that is linked to the agency’s resources; and
The ownership and governance structure is appropriate for the mandate and objectives of the agency.

15. 6. Financial and Human Resources
Standard
The QAA shall have adequate and appropriate human, financial and material resources to carry out its quality assurance mandate effectively and efficiently.
Guidelines
Due to the public interest of the QAA and the importance of higher education institutions, the QAA is adequately funded to:
Recruit adequate and qualified human resources, to carry out its external quality assurance activities; cognisant of gender, disadvantaged groups and persons with disabilities;
Carry out its external quality assurance mandate professionally, effectively and efficiently;
Ensure improvement of its practices and development; and
Inform the public about its activities and results/outcomes.

16. 8. Periodic Review of QAAs
Standard
The QAA shall undergo periodic internal and external reviews in order to demonstrate its compliance with the ASG-QA.
Guidelines
The QAA has a system for continuous quality assurance of its own practices and activities that emphasises flexibility in response to the changing nature of higher education, effectiveness of its operations, and its contribution towards the achievement of its objectives. The QAA, therefore:
Conducts a comprehensive internal self-assessment of its processes, practices and activities periodically, including data analysis;
Subjects itself to periodic external review on the basis of self-assessment every five years by regional, continental or international quality assurance bodies; and
Ensures that required recommendations are disclosed and implemented for improvement.

17. Challenges Faced During Drafting Process
ODL – Stand alone or Incorporate into IQA (HEIs) – finally incorporated into IQA
Students support stand alone or incorporated into / Student Recruitment, Admission, Support Services and Certification.
The number of standards – Too many – merged a number of them.
Guidelines - level of details
Translation challenges – words mean different things in different languages.
Gender or / Inclusiveness
Independence / autonomy of QAA – implication on source of funding.

18. Working Document - Part A: IQA
Zero Document – Part A: IQA
Draft 1 – Part A: IQA
1. Vision, Mission, and Goals Objectives
1. Vision, Mission, and Strategic Objectives (2)
1. Vision, Mission, and Strategic Objectives
2. Planning and Strategic Development (Policy Plan)
2. Governance and Administration
3. Governance and Administration
3. Human Resources
4. Human Resources (Academic Staff / Teaching Staff)
4. Pre-testing or Piloting of Learning Materials
4. Design, Approval and Monitoring of Programmes (4)
5. Design and Approval of Academic Programmes
5. Design and Approval of Programmes
5. Teaching, Active Learning and Assessment
6. Teaching and Learning
6. Teaching, Active Learning and Assessment (11)
6. Infrastructure and Facilities
7. Facilities and Infrastructure
7. Infrastructure Facilities and Students’ Support Services (10)
7. Student Recruitment, Admission, Support Services and Certification
8. Linkage with Industry
8.. Student recruitment, admission, progression and certification
8. Research and Innovation
9. Student Recruitment and Admission
9. Postgraduate Studies, Research and Innovation (12), (18)
9. Community Engagement
10. Student Support Service
10. Community Engagement
10. Information Management
11. Student Assessment
11. Information Management
11. Public Communication (12)
12. Management of Postgraduate Studies
12. Advertising and Public Communication
12. Cooperation, Staff and Student Mobility
13. Research and Innovation
13. Cooperation, Staff and Student Mobility (16)
13. Financial Resource Management
14. Community Engagement
14. Financial Resource Management
15. Information Management
16. Collaboration (Internationalization)
17. Institutional Quality Assurance Management System (IQMS)/ Monitoring and Evaluation)
18. Institutional Integrity & Ethos
19. Financial Resources Management

19. 1. Objectives of EQA and Consideration for IQA (1), (2), (3)
Working Document - Part B: EQA
Zero Document – Part B: EQA
Draft 1 – Part B: EQA
1. Principles of EQA
1. Objectives of EQA and Consideration for IQA (1), (2), (3)
1. Objectives of EQA and Consideration for IQA
2. Mission (EQA Policy))
2. Designing Mechanisms Fit-For- Purpose
3. Objectives of EQA
3. Implementation Processes of EQ
4. Designing Methodologies fit-for-purpose (Standards and Guidelines and Processes foe EQA)
4. Independence of Evaluation
5. Implementation Processes (Consideration of IQA)
5. Decision and Reporting of EQA Outcomes (7), (8)
5. Decision and Reporting of EQA Outcomes
6. Independence of Evaluation (Use of Peer Review Experts)
6. Periodic Review of Institutions and Programmes
7. Decisions of EQA Activities (Outcomes)
7. Complaints and Appeals
8. Reporting of EQA Activities (Disclosure)
9. Periodic Review of Institutions and Programmes
10. Complaints and Appeals
11. Coherence of National and Regional Policies and Practices

20. 1. Legal Status of QAA (Official Status)
Working Document - Part C: QAA
Zero Document – Part BC QAA
Draft 1 – Part BC QAA
1. Legal Status of QAA (Official Status)
1. Policies, Processes and Activities of Quality Assurance Agency (6)
1. Legal Status
2. Mission Statement and Governance
2. Legal Status
2. Vision and Mission Statement
3. Resources
3. Vision and Mission Statement
3. Policies, Processes and Activities of Quality Assurance Agency
4. Independence of QAA
4. Financial and Human Resources
5. External Quality Assurance Criteria and Processes used by QAA (Thematic Analysis)
5. Independence of QAA
6. Activities for Quality Assurance
6. Internal Quality Assurance Criteria and Processes Used by QAA (8)
6. Internal Quality Assurance Criteria and Processes Used by QAA
7. Periodic and Institutional and Programme Review
7. Benchmarking, Networking and Collaboration
8. Accountability (Internal Quality Assurance and Professional Conduct)
8. Periodic Review of QAAs
9. Exyternal Review of QAA
10. Benchmarking , Networking and Collaboration

21. Summary: It is hoped that these standards and guidelines will ensure quality provision and enhancement of quality in higher education in Africa, and the development of a sustainable quality culture for competitive higher education. HAVE A QUALITY DAY Thank you and God bless