1. Chapter 16 Review
Mining

2. a mining company is required to post funds before beginning a mining project.
decrease in taxes program
bond forfeiture program
increase in taxes program
no programs exist

3. The Clean Water Act and the Safe Drinking Water Act ensure that __________ from mines do not threaten water quality.
Ores
Contaminants
Minerals
they do nothing for water quality

4. The land recovery process required of mine operators is called ________
do nothing at all
open pits
reclamation
subsidence

5. Acid mine drainage is contaminated _____ that results when acid dissolves toxic minerals that exist in mine waste.
air
soil
salt
water

6. A serious hazard of coal mining that can ignite and possibly burn for years is/are __________
underground fires
subsidence
forest fires
house fires

7. Wildlife ________are protected by the Endangered Species Act
only food
only water
habitats
they are not protected by this act at all

8. The sinking of regions of the ground with little or no horizontal movement is called ________
erosion
reclamation
subsidence
underground fires

9. Large piles of excess rock from mines are called _________
soil degration
subsidence
dumps
placer

10. The process where crushed ore is melted at high temperatures to separate impurities from molten metal is called_______.
under sea mining
solar evaporation
GANG
smelting

11. Bends in rivers often have ____.
stream placers
placer deposits
rock deposits
the bends never collect any deposits

12. Solution mining is an economical mining method if mineral ores are ____ in water
flammable
non soluble
soluble
inorganic

13. Networks of entries in subsurface coal mines are called ______
rooms
pillars
cabin
house

14. An open pit used to mine minerals like granite, limestone and marble near the surface is called a_________.
solution mining
surface coal mining
quarrying

15. The second part of surface coal mining is to remove rocks that cover coal seams near the surface are called _______. It will be later put back during reclamation
Subsidence
placer deposit
overburden
GANG

16. The first step in finding a(n) _______ is exploring rock for mineralization.
key
slag
ore deposit
subsidence

17. A floating barge on which buckets fixed onto a conveyor excavate sediments is called a(n) _____. This can be a good way to mine gold.
Dredge
smelting
open pit mining
Evaporation

18. Two or more atoms chemically bonded together form a(n) _______
element
compound
atom
mixture

19. A material that bonds with impurities and separates them from molten metal during smelting is called a___.
.flux
slag
gang
diamond

20. Metallic minerals conduct ____________________.
Fires
water
electricity
smoke

21. Gold, silver, and copper that occur in elemental form are called _____.
non native elements
native elements
foreign elements
immigrants

22. Ore deposits formed in cracks in rocks are called _______
veins
vessels
placer deposit
smelting

23. The _____ sets standards to minimize the surface effects of coal mining on the environment.
Clean Water Act
Comprehensive Response Compensation and Liability Act
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
Safe Drinking Water Act

24. The _____ regulates the release of hazardous substances into the air, soil, and water by mining.
Clean Water Act
Comprehensive Response Compensation and Liability Act
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
Safe Drinking Water Act

25. What can contaminate a river during dredging?
it does not have any negative effects
placer deposits
sea water
muddy sediments

26. Surface mining can cause
only air pollution.
both air and noise pollution.
only noise pollution.
neither air nor noise pollution.

27. Reclamation is the process of
removing coal from a subsurface seam.
extracting ore minerals from gangue minerals.
returning land to its original or better condition after mining.
protecting the habitats of local wildlife.

28. From whom must mining companies obtain permits before mining a site?
state and federal agencies
state agencies only
federal agencies only
they do not need permits

29. Which of the following is not a regulation mining companies must follow?
the Clean Water Act
the Safe Drinking Water Act
the Hazardous Products Act
the Endangered Species Act

30. Collapse of _____ can lead to subsidence.
solar evaporation ponds
open-pit mines
pillars in abandoned mines
placer deposits

31. Which of the following is a water contaminant that can cause acid mine drainage?
acid rain is not real
Methane
carbon dioxide
sulfuric acid

32. A quarry also could be called
an open pit.
a longwall.
the overburden.
a pillar.

33. The layer of impurities on top of molten metal that forms during smelting is called
slag.
dredge.
waste.

34. Which of the following would not likely be mined using solution mining?
Gypsum
Salt
Potash
sulfur

35. Placer deposits are surface mineral deposits that have been concentrated by
surface mining.
movement of wind and water.
subsurface mining.
evaporation and condensation.

36. Through _____, mining companies can identify areas where there may be valuable mineral resources.
mineral exploration
subsurface mining
Smelting
dredging

37. Which of the following is not a method of subsurface mining?
room-and-pillar mining
solution mining
longwall mining
open-pit mining

38. Acid mine drainage harms or kills aquatic life. is no big deal
purifies streams.
is unregulated in the United States.

39. Dredging streambeds may be an effective technique for mining
salt.
gold.
coal.
sulfur.

40. The first step in surface coal mining is
to remove and set aside the soil that covers the area to be mined.
to use heavy equipment to mine the land.
to test to see if quarrying would be more effective.
to make cuts in the coal for easier removal.

41. Gangue or GANG minerals
are valued for their rarity and durability.
have no commercial value.
are the most difficult to mine.
are native elements.

42. What must hot subsurface waters contain in order to be considered hydrothermal solutions?
crystallized minerals
gangue minerals
dissolved minerals
inorganic solids

43. What is one property that may be used to distinguish metallic from nonmetallic minerals?
cost to extract
carbon content
Value
electrical conductivity

44. Which of the following is not one of the ways that ore minerals may form?
cooling of magma
circulation of hydrothermal solutions through rocks
flooding of empty streambeds and rivers
evaporation of water that contains salts

45. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a mineral?
naturally occurring
usually an inorganic solid
atoms in random geometric patterns
orderly internal structure

46. Which of the following are minerals that contain valuable substances?
native minerals
gangue minerals
ore minerals
longwalls

47. Evaporates most commonly form in
arid regions where rates of evaporation are high.
rain forests where rates of evaporation are low.
cold regions that receive significant snowfall.
an area with frequent volcanic activity.

48. Extended response questions:
How must soil be handled during surface coal mining to minimize environmental damage?
What potential environmental problem caused by the smelting process must be controlled? How can this be done?
How can surface mining completely transform ecosystems, even after reclamation?
Explain reclamation and why it is necessary?
Explain 3 of the 7 negative impacts of mining. 6pts