2. Objective Students will…
Analyze the opposing economic & political philosophies of the U.S. and the Soviet Union and explain how it led to global competition.

3. Superpowers Face Off
Main Idea
The opposing economic & political philosophies of the U.S. and the Soviet Union led to global competition.
Why it Matters Now
The conflicts between the U.S. and the Soviet Union played a major role in reshaping the modern world.

4. The Cold War Attempts to block one another’s goals Two major players
State of intense economic, political, military, and ideological rivalry between nations (communism vs democracy)
Attempts to block
one another’s goals
Two major players
United States
Soviet Union
Arms Race

5. Cold War was a C.O.N.F.L.I.C.T. between the U.S.A. & U.S.S.R.
Containment (Truman Doctrine)
Ongoing problems in Berlin
NATO vs. Warsaw Pact
Fighting (Korea and Vietnam War)
Loss of China & Cuba to communism
Iron Curtain
Cuban Missile Crisis
Theory of deterrence (avoid nuclear war)

6. HOW DOES IT GET FIXED WITH DIFFERENT, OPPOSING BELIEFS?
END OF WWII ISSUES
Loss of life
60 million
Homeless/Refugees
Holocaust survivors
Japanese in U.S. (internment camps)
War-torn countries
Loss of property – $2 trillion
Factories
Transportation systems
Devastated cities
WHO’S RESPONSIBLE?
HOW DOES IT GET FIXED WITH DIFFERENT, OPPOSING BELIEFS?

7. VS. Communism collective ownership No private property
Make a T-chart & copy
VS.
Communism
collective ownership
No private property
No political choice
No god
Totalitarian gov
complete control over citizens
Worldwide revolution against capitalism
American system (Democracy)
Private property
Elections & free assembly
Freedom of religion
Limited gov
Spread “democracy” & capitalism
means of production are privately owned
Guided by supply & demand

8. Yalta Conference (Feb. 1945)
Plans for the end of WWII
Stalin, FDR, & Churchill (The Big Three)
Germany would be divided into 4 zones controlled by Allied military forces
USSR to enter war against Japan
Formed the United Nations
USSR will allow elections in Eastern Europe

9. Potsdam (July 1945) How to deal with Germany & Japan
Truman, Stalin, & Churchill
Disagreement over Stalin canceling elections
Had initially said he would allow free elections in EEUR
Germany would be demilitarized
Division of Germany into 4 zones
Occupied by U.S., Britain, France, and Soviet Union
Berlin (capital) also split
& occupied
Each country would take reparations from their zone

11. Check on Learning Describe the overall goals of Potsdam and Yalta.
Given that they took place at different times, were the goals very different?
What might have been the motivation for Yalta? Potsdam?

12. Two different approaches to postwar Europe

13. The U.S. wanted to….
Create a new world order in which all nations had the right of self-determination
Gain access to raw materials and markets for its industries
Rebuild EURO gov’ts to ensure stability and create new markets for American goods
Reunite Germany, believing that EURO would be more secure if Germany was productive

14. The Soviets wanted…
Encourage communism in other countries as part of the worldwide struggle between workers and the wealthy
Rebuild its war-ravaged economy using EEUR’s industrial equipment and raw materials
Control EEUR to balance U.S. influence in WEUR
Keep GM divided and weak so it would never gain threaten the Soviet Union.

15. CONTAINMENT Feb. 1946: Containment
Proposed by George Kennan (American diplomat in Moscow)
Created alliances and supported weaker countries
effort to block Soviet influence (Communism)
“It is clear that the United States cannot expect in the foreseeable future to enjoy political intimacy with the Soviet regime. It must continue to regard the Soviet Union as a rival, not a partner, in the political arena.”

16. Truman vs. Marshall

17. TRUMAN DOCTRINE
: Both Greece and Turkey faced communist revolts (civil war)
Asked the U.S. for aid to defend themselves from communist takeovers
President Truman asked congress for aid
$400 million (~$4 billion today)
US troops/advisors
U.S. support for countries that rejected Communism
“The seeds of totalitarian regimes are nurtured by misery and want. They spread and grow in the evil soil of poverty and strife. They reach their full growth when the hope of a people for a better life has died. We must keep that hope alive.
The free peoples of the world look to us for support in maintaining their freedoms. If we falter in our leadership, we may endanger the peace of the world -- and we shall surely endanger the welfare of our own nation. Great responsibilities have been placed upon us by the swift movement of events.”

18. Marshall Plan (1948)
This short video has footage of George Marshall testifying before Congress in January, 1948 about the Marshall Plan to rebuild Europe after World War II.

19. Marshall Plan (1948) 1948: Soviets seized control of Czechoslovakia
Made it a USSR puppet state
Result: U.S. approves Marshall Plan
“European Recovery Program”
Secretary of State, George Marshall
US should provide aid to all European nations that need it
$12.5 billion of US aid to Western Europe extended to Eastern Europe & USSR, [but this was rejected].

20. Exit Ticket
Make a Venn Diagram or T-Chart comparing and contrasting the different approaches to Postwar Europe, specifically between the Soviets and the U.S.
How are they alike?
How are they different?
Then, write a 5 sentence paragraph summarizing your comparison.