1. from Absolutism to Enlightenment Understand that:
The collision of social unrest and new political ideas can lead to revolution.
In times of crisis, people will turn to strong leaders to gain a sense of stability.
from Absolutism to
Define absolutism – where did these monarchs claim they got their power?
How did absolute monarchs treat their subjects?
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Take notes on absolutism – especially in France that leads to the Enlightenment and the French Revolution
Complete graphic organizer of key enlightenment thinkers (philosophes).
How will these philosophes’ ideas affect political leaders and their subjects in Europe?
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Enlightenment

2. Now showing: The Adventures of Versailles

3. Starring…
Henry IV

4. Starring…
Louis XIII

5. Starring…
Cardinal Richelieu

6. And …the Star of the Show…
Louis XIV

7. With a supporting cast of other absolute monarchs
England – the Tudor family
Russia – the Romanovs
Spain – Philip II
Austria – Habsburgs
Germany – Hohenzollerns
England – the Stuarts

8. Absolutely Louis WHY??? Louis XIV rules with divine right
Weakens nobles
Absolute monarch when England was a constitutional monarchy
WHY???

9. Look Around, Louis! Louis XIV on throne from 1643-1715
English Glorious Revolution – 1688
Bill of Rights, other previous documents limit King’s Authority
Prime Minister gaining power under Hanovers
England eliminates their
absolute monarchs

10.  Dad and Grandpa Henry IV assassinated in 1610
Louis XIII takes throne at age 9
Marie de Medici (Louis’ mother) was regent for next 7 years

11. Mama’s Boy/Cardinal’s Boy
Louis XIII kicks out Marie, keeps Cardinal Richelieu
Richelieu ends nobles’ powers
Nobles keep social status, but INTENDANTS take over administrative duties
Builds army, economy, national unity, and culture
Louis XIII is Richelieu’s puppet!!!

12. Bonjour, Louis XIV!
Takes control of government at age 23, rules for 72 years!
Doesn’t want to make same mistakes as Dad
Not a puppet
Keep limited nobility
Relies only on two major nobles
Fronde uprisings make him determined to be absolute monarch

13. A King and His Court Builds Versailles to show glory of monarch
Officials live with him
Nobility attend to him in court rituals
Lavish lifestyle
Nobility and
royalty don’t
pay taxes

15. International Muscle Bold foreign policy that frightens other monarchs
Wants to ally with Spain when king dies in 1700
War of Spanish Succession to decide who gets Spain
1713: Treaty of Utrecht ends war
France loses part of Canada

16. Can’t Win ‘Em All Louis XIV fails to adjust tax system
Sound familiar?
Louis XIV fails to adjust tax system
Poor carry burden, many upper class exempt
Economic gap widens
Doesn’t fix treasury problem
Doesn’t change traditions
Legal systems, taxes, measures different all over France
Different authorities and regions for financial, judicial, religious, and administrative affairs

17. Troubled Legacy Nobles still aren’t happy France has no money!
They don’t have power, but that doesn’t mean they don’t want it
Try to regain their power when Louis XV takes the throne
France has no money!
Buildings
Wars
Huguenots driven away

18. from Enlightenment to Revolution Understand that:
The collision of social unrest and new political ideas can lead to revolution.
In times of crisis, people will turn to strong leaders to gain a sense of stability.
from Enlightenment to
Check your Europe map for correctness
Finish pamphlet – 45 minutes – then save to my drop folder as: “pamphlet” and both your last names
The Enlightenment has a major impact on the American Revolution
Revolution

19. 1. France 2. Spain 3. Germany 4. Italy 5. Poland 6. Great Britain
7. Russia
8. Ukraine
9. Greece
10. Sweden
11. Ireland
12. Austria
13. Romania
14. Slovakia
15. Hungary
16. Turkey
17. Switzerland
18. Luxembourg 10 7 18 6 11 5 3 8 1
France
Spain
Germany
Italy
Poland UK
Russia 4 13 2 16 17 12 15 9 14

20. Serbia Albania Portugal Denmark Norway Czech Republic Netherlands
Belgium
Finland
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Bosnia
Slovenia
FYROM
Bulgaria
Belarus 23 27 28 25 29 22 30 35 26 21
13. Serbia
14. Albania
15. Portugal
16. Denmark
17. Norway
18. Czech Republic
19. Netherlands
20. Belgium 24 31 32 34 19 20 33

21. Enlightenment Enlightenment Overview
People try to apply the scientific approach to all aspects of society
Political scientists propose new ideas about government
Philosophes (philosophers) advocate the use of reason to discover truths
Address social issues through reason

22. Enlightenment Causes Ideals of the Renaissance Scientific Revolution
Individualism, secularism, rebirth of classical teachings
Scientific Revolution
Logic, reason, mathematics
New way of thinking based on willingness to question assumptions
Absolutism
Reaction to government of total control
Questioning of Theory of Divine Right

23. Characteristics of Enlightened Thought
Ideas incorporating the themes listed below were heavily discussed during this era
REASON-justification
HAPPINESS-What makes people happy?
LIBERTY-freedoms
PROGRESS-tolerance, diversity, science
NATURE- outside (plants, earth, universe, etc) and inside (emotion, human interactions, etc)

24. Impact of the Enlightenment
People have confidence that human reason can solve social problems
The individual becomes important as people use their own ability to reason and judge
Absolutism is generally questioned as being the antithesis of enlightenment.
Sets the stage for popular revolutions in the 18th and 19th Centuries
Some monarchs make reforms
Other Monarchs resist change to their power
BUT…the common people, generally uneducated and distrusted by the philosophes, are not very enlightened.

25. ThThe American Revolution, 1776-1781 e Enlightenment and Revolutions
- Claiming abuses by the British Government and a general failure to safeguard the natural rights of the citizens, the American Colonies declare their independence from England. - Thomas Jefferson authors the Declaration of Independence, drawing heavily on the writings of John Locke and the ideals of the Social Contract as theorized by Rousseau and Hobbes: * Government must be created by the People * The people must consent to be governed * The primary job of the Government is to protect the people’s natural rights- Life, Liberty, and “The Pursuit of Happiness” * When a Government fails to protect these rights, then the people have the right to change their government, to overthrow it.

26. The Enlightenment and Revolutions
John Locke Thomas Jefferson

27. The Enlightenment and Revolutions
John Locke Thomas Jefferson
“Darn, I looked better in the last picture”, J. Locke
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28. The Enlightenment and Revolutions
Following the American Revolution, the Americans again embraced the ideals of the Enlightenment in the writing of their Constitution. James Madison heavily borrowed from the ideals of Montisquieu.
Separation of Powers, and Checks and Balances make up the heart of the U.S. Constitution

29. The American Revolution and French Involvement:
America’s war for independence was successful in part due to the assistance of the French government. One of the most influential French military assistants was Lafayette. *In 1777, Lafayette purchased a ship, and with a crew of adventurers set sail for America to fight in the revolution against the British. Lafayette joined the ranks as a major general and was assigned to the staff of George Washington. He served with distinction, leading America forces to several victories. On a return visit to France in 1779 Lafayette persuaded the French government to send aid to the Americans, specifically the commitment of the French Navy, and monetary support.

30. Connections between the American Revolution and the French Revolution
Not only did French Citizens and Military directly participate in the American War for Independence, but the war itself, the ideals upon which it was based, and the eventual success served as inspiration for many of the French Citizens who had become disenchanted with their own government, especially King Louis XVI Another impact of the American Revolution was the additional Debt incurred by the French Government in assisting the Americans against the British, further pushing France into Financial Crisis.