1. HTML5 AJAX & JSON APIs

2. Class Outline AJAX JSON JSONP What Is Ajax? Ajax: The Basics
Ajax the jQuery Way
AJAX Exercises
JSON
What is JSON?
JSON Array Object Example
Much Unlike XML Because
JSON Syntax
JSON Objects & Arrays
JSON HTTP Request Example
JSON Exercises
JSONP
What is JSONP?
How JSONP it works
Cross-domain requests using a proxy server
Security concerns
12/28/2018
Copyright © Carl M. Burnett

3. What is AJAX? AJAX = Asynchronous JavaScript and XML.
AJAX is a technique for creating fast and dynamic web pages.
AJAX allows web pages to be updated asynchronously.
Exchanging small amounts of data with the server
Updates parts of a web page, without reloading the whole page.
Examples of applications using AJAX: Google Maps, Gmail, YouTube, and Facebook.

4. XMLHttpRequest Processes the returned data using JavaScript
An event happens:
XMLHttpRequest Object Created
HttpRequest Sent
Web Server processes the HttpRequest
Creates a response and sends data back to Client.
Processes the returned data using JavaScript
Updates page content
7/14/2013
Copyright © Carl M. Burnett

5. Ajax the jQuery Way
Using the load() Method - Loads an HTML file into a specified element on the page.
Traditional Example:
Short list of news headlines.
Page loads - Five most recent news stories appear.
Add links to let visitors choose what news stories are displayed.
Linking are displayed in separate web pages
Force visitors to move onto another web page. (non-AJAX)
AJAX Example:
Load the selected news stories into the news headlines box on the page.
Each visitor click - browser requests a new HTML file for the headline box from the server
Places that HTML into the headlines box
Never leaves current page.

6. The get() and post() Methods
QUERY STRING
URL products.php?prodID=18&sessID=1234
name/value pairs
GET Method: $.get('rateMovie.php','rating=5');
POST method: $.post('rateMovie.php','rating=5');
$.post('rateMovie.php','rating=5&user=Bob');

7. The get() and post() Methods
OBJECT LITERAL TO STORE DATA {
name1: 'value1',
name2: 'value2' }
var data = { rating: 5 };
$.post('rankMovie.php', { rating: 5 });

8. The get() and post() Methods
JQUERY’S SERIALIZE() FUNCTION FOR FORM DATA
var str = $("formData").serialize();
$.get('login.php',formData,loginResults);

9. The get() and post() Methods
Processing Data from the Server
1 $('#message a').click(function() {
2 var href=$(this).attr('href');
3 var querystring=href.slice(href.indexOf('?')+1);
4 $.get('rate.php', querystring, processResponse);
return false; // stop the link
});
selects every link (<a> tag) inside of another tag with an ID of message
extracts the href attribute of the link
extracts just the part after the ? in the URL using the slice() method
the Ajax request using the GET method - results goes to “Callback Function”
stops the normal link behavior and prevents the web browser from unloading the current page

10. The get() and post() Methods
Callback Function
1 function processResponse(data) {
2 var newHTML;
3 newHTML = '<h2>Your vote is counted</h2>';
4 newHTML += '<p>The average rating for this movie is ';
5 newHTML += data + '.</p>';
6 $('#message').html(newHTML);
7 }

11. The get() and post() Methods
Handling Errors
$.get('rate.php', querystring,processResponse).error(errorResponse);
function errorResponse() {
var errorMsg = "Your vote could not be processed right now. ";
errorMsg += "Please try again later.";
$('#message').html(errorMsg); }

12. jQuery AJAX Exercises
Complete the following jQuery AJAX Exercises on W3Schools Website.
jQuery AJAX Example
jQuery load() Method
jQuery $.get() Method
jQuery $.post() Method

13. What is JSON? JSON stands for JavaScript Object Notation
JSON is a lightweight data-interchange format
JSON is language independent *
JSON is "self-describing" and easy to understand

14. JSON Array Object Example
{ "employees":[ {"firstName":"John", "lastName":"Doe"}, {"firstName":"Anna", "lastName":"Smith"}, {"firstName":"Peter", "lastName":"Jones"} ] }

15. Much Unlike XML Because
JSON doesn't use end tag
JSON is shorter
JSON is quicker to read and write
JSON can use arrays

16. JSON Syntax
JSON syntax is derived from JavaScript object notation syntax:
Data is in name/value pairs
Data is separated by commas
Curly braces hold objects
Square brackets hold arrays

17. JSON Data - A Name and a Value
"firstName" : "John"
JSON values can be:
A number (integer or floating point)
A string (in double quotes)
A Boolean (true or false)
An array (in square brackets)
An object (in curly braces)
null

18. JSON Objects JSON Arrays {"firstName":"John", "lastName":"Doe"} {
"employees":[     {"firstName":"John", "lastName":"Doe"},     {"firstName":"Anna", "lastName":"Smith"},     {"firstName":"Peter", "lastName":"Jones"} ] }

19. JSON Uses JavaScript Syntax{
"employees":[     {"firstName":"John", "lastName":"Doe"},     {"firstName":"Anna", "lastName":"Smith"},     {"firstName":"Peter", "lastName":"Jones"} ] }
// returns John Doe employees[0].firstName + " " + employees[0].lastName;

20. JSON HTTP Request Example
1: Create an array of objects. 2: Create a JavaScript function to display the array. 3: Create a text file 4: Read the text file with an XMLHttpRequest
HTTP Request Example

21. What is JSONP? JSONP (which stands for JSON with padding)
Technique to overcome:
cross-domain restrictions imposed by browsers.
allows data to be retrieved from foreign systems.

22. How JSONP it works Function call - myResponseFunction()
It is the "P" of JSONP (the "padding" around the pure JSON, or according to some the "prefix".
myResponseFunction({"Name": "Foo", "Id": 1234, "Rank": 7});

23. How JSONP it works Server response that includes the JSONP function.
JSONP does not work with JSON-formatted results.
The JSONP function invocation gets sent back
The payload that the function receives, must be agreed-upon by the client and server.
The browser provides the name of the callback function
Named query parameter value - typically name “jsonp” or “callback”
<script type="application/javascript"
src="
</script>

24. Cross-domain requests using a proxy server
Newer browsers support CORS relax this constraint
Cooperating proxy server does not have such restrictions
Relays a browser request to a server in a separate domain
Stores the result.
Returns the JSON payload when the browser makes a second request.
The xd_arbiter.php used by Facebook's JS SDK is a popular example of this cooperating server technique.[6]

25. Security Concerns Untrusted third-party code
Callback name manipulation and Reflected File Download
Cross-site request forgery – (Exclusive use of cookies for determining if a request is authorized)
Rosetta Flash - Adobe Flash Player (Fixed 2014)

26. JSONP Exercise
Adding a Flickr Feed to Your Site

27. Class Review AJAX JSON JSONP What Is Ajax? Ajax: The Basics
Ajax the jQuery Way
AJAX Exercises
JSON
What is JSON?
JSON Array Object Example
Much Unlike XML Because
JSON Syntax
JSON Objects & Arrays
JSON HTTP Request Example
JSON Exercises
JSONP
What is JSONP?
How JSONP it works
Cross-domain requests using a proxy server
Security concerns
12/28/2018
Copyright © Carl M. Burnett