1. Water and solutions Water Polarity Solubility (like dissolves like)
Oxygen holds more electrons making it have a negative charge- hydrogen sides has a positive charge
Polar compund- uneven distribution of charge
Solubility (like dissolves like)
Water dissolves other polar molecules
Water does not dissolve nonpolar molecules

3. Hydrogen Bonding
Hydrogen bond- electrostatic bond that exists between water molecules
Constantly breaking and reforming
Gives water unique properties

4. Cohesion- attractive force that holds water molecules together
Adhesion- attractive force between water molecules and other substances

5. Temperature moderation
Specific heat- ability to absorb a lot of heat energy without changing temperature
Water has a very high specific heat because of hydrogen bonding

6. Density of Ice
Water is unique in that the solid state (ice) is less dense than liquid form
This occurs because water molecules form a crystal lattice structure when they freeze

7. Water and solutions Solutions
Solution- mixture in which one or more substances are uniformly distributed in another substance
Solute- substance dissolved in the solution
Solvent- substance in which the solute is dissolved

8. Concentration- amount of solute dissolved in a fixed amount of solvent
Saturated- no more solute can dissolve
Aqueous solution- water is the solvent

9. Acids and bases
Ionization of water

11. Acid- number of hydronium ions is greater than the number of hydroxide ions
Base- number of hydroxide ions is greater than the number of hydronium ions

12. pH scale