1. 7 Minutes of Silence Determine if the data is linear or exponential.
Put your ID card on. Spit out your gum. Take off your hat. Put your bag on the floor. Take out your name flag.
7 Minutes of Silence
Use a half sheet of paper. Box your answers!
©Newton2012
Anteater Height
(in)
24.2
27.5
31.23
35.48
40.3
45.78
52.01
59.08
67.12
Anteater Weight
(lbs)
32.01
39.05
47.64
58.13
70.91
86.51
105.5
128.8
157.1
Determine if the data is linear or exponential.
Find the LSRL of log x with respect to the log of y.
Change your LSRL equation to x with respect y.
An anteater that is 70 in tall will weigh how much?
An anteater that weighs 42 lbs is how tall?
Find the residual for the anteater that is 40.3 inches tall.
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12/28/2018

2. HW Check! Last Night’s HW: HW26 Worksheet
Today’s Objective: Chapter 4.2 Cautions about Correlation and Regression (p.225)
Students will understand two variable relationships.”
©Newton2012
AP Statistics Standard 13.0 Students know what the correlation coefficient of two variables means and are familiar with the coefficient’s properties Students organize and describe distributions of data by using a number of different methods, including frequency tables, histograms, standard line graphs and bar graphs, stem-and-leaf displays, scatterplots, and box-and-whisker plots.
Chapter 4.1 Transforming Relationships (p.195)
Chapter 4.2 Cautions about Correlation and Regression (p.225)
Chapter 4.3 Relations in Categorical Data (p.241)
Chapter 4 Test!
HW Check! Last Night’s HW:
HW26 Worksheet
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12/28/2018

3. The Question of Causation
Today’s Objective: Chapter 4.2 Cautions about Correlation and Regression (p.225)
Students will understand two variable relationships.”
©Newton2012
The Question of Causation
More than showing that “variable x is associated to variable y” most people are interested in the question “does variable x cause variable y”
It is much more difficult to show causation than it is to show association.
Strong Association x y
Causation
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12/28/2018

4. True Causation True Causation 12/28/2018 x: Mother’s body mass index
Today’s Objective: Chapter 4.2 Cautions about Correlation and Regression (p.225)
Students will understand two variable relationships.”
©Newton2012
True Causation
x: Mother’s body mass index
y: Daughter’s body mass index
Body type is in part determined by heredity. Daughters inherit half their genes from their mothers. There is causation even though the mothers’ BMI explains 25.6% of the variation among the daughters’ BMI. (Page 233)
True Causation
x: amounts of artificial sweetener saccharin in a rat’s diet
y: count of tumors in the rats’ bladders
By putting rats into groups and feeding only one group saccharin, we can isolate the change the effect of the saccharin. Note: a similar effect was not found in humans. (Page 233)
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12/28/2018

5. Today’s Objective: Chapter 4
Today’s Objective: Chapter 4.2 Cautions about Correlation and Regression (p.225)
Students will understand two variable relationships.”
Strong Association
©Newton2012 x y
Common Response
Causation
Causation z
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12/28/2018

6. Not Causation, Common Response
Today’s Objective: Chapter 4.2 Cautions about Correlation and Regression (p.225)
Students will understand two variable relationships.”
©Newton2012
Not Causation, Common Response
x: a high school senior SAT score
y: the student’s first-year college grades
Even though there is a strong association between both variables, they are most likely responding to the common variables ability and knowledge. (Page 233)
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12/28/2018

7. Confounding Variables
Today’s Objective: Chapter 4.2 Cautions about Correlation and Regression (p.225)
Students will understand two variable relationships.”
Strong Association
©Newton2012 x y
Confounding Variables ? z1 z3 z2
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12/28/2018

8. Confounding Variables
Today’s Objective: Chapter 4.2 Cautions about Correlation and Regression (p.225)
Students will understand two variable relationships.”
©Newton2012
Confounding Variables
Two variables are confounded when their effects on a response variable cannot be distinguished from each other.
Not Causation, Confounding Variables
x: whether a person regularly attends religious services
y: how long a person lives
People who attend religious service do live longer, studies also show that they tend to take better care of themselves. They are less likely to smoke, more likely to exercise and less likely to be overweight (Page 234)
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12/28/2018

9. History of Mathematics
Today’s Objective: Chapter 4.2 Cautions about Correlation and Regression (p.225)
Students will understand two variable relationships.”
©Newton2012
You will not be dismissed until the room is clean. The bell does not dismiss you. I do.
History of Mathematics
Chapter 3: Hellenistic Mathematics – Greek Dominance
Classic geometry was focused in compass and straightedge constructions. Geometry was revolutionized by Euclid, who introduced mathematical rigor and the axiomatic method still in use today. His book, The Elements is widely considered the most influential textbook of all time, and was known to all educated people in the West until the middle of the 20th century.
HW27 p
Courtesy of Wikipedia
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12/28/2018