1. IFP project – Biogas upgrading June 10 th 2008 1/22 June 10 th 2008 IFP project Biogas upgrading

2. IFP project – Biogas upgrading June 10 th 2008 2/22 Agenda Presentation Questions Project evaluation DMT & projectgroup only

3. IFP project – Biogas upgrading June 10 th 2008 3/22 Biogas upgrading Comparing different techniques Jos de Hullu Jenny Maassen Paul van Meel Siamak Shazad Jessica Vaessen Tutor: Laura Bini Project coordinator: Jetse Reijenga Client: Robert Lems, DMT http://students.chem.tue.nl/ifp24

4. IFP project – Biogas upgrading June 10 th 2008 4/22 Outline Introduction Upgrading techniques Process Cost estimation Waste streams Ease of operation Comparison Conclusions Recommendations Questions

5. IFP project – Biogas upgrading June 10 th 2008 5/22 Introduction Biogas Demands Upgrading ComponentsLow calorific gas CH 4 88 vol% H2H2 8 vol % CO 0.8 vol % CO 2 8 vol % CxHyCxHy 3 mg/Nm 3 H2OH2ODew point < -10 °C Aromatics 1 vol % O2O2 0.5 vol % H2SH2S 5 mg/Nm 3 Wobbe index (MJ/Nm 3 )43.46 – 44.41

6. IFP project – Biogas upgrading June 10 th 2008 6/22 Upgrading techniques Process Input/output Cost estimation Investment costs Running costs Waste streams Ease of operation Chemical absorption High pressure water scrubbing Pressure swing adsorption Cryogenic separation Membrane separation

7. IFP project – Biogas upgrading June 10 th 2008 7/22 Chemical absorption (I) Absorption of CO 2

8. IFP project – Biogas upgrading June 10 th 2008 8/22 Chemical absorption (II) Absorption of H 2 S Combined output: 137 Nm 3 /h 90% yield 98% purity

9. IFP project – Biogas upgrading June 10 th 2008 9/22 Chemical absorption (III) Cost estimation CO 2 absorption H 2 S absorption Total upgrading process Investment costs () 353,000516,000869,000 Running costs () 134,50099,500179,500 Price per Nm 3 biogas () 0.170.16 0.28

10. IFP project – Biogas upgrading June 10 th 2008 10/22 High pressure water scrubbing (I) Output: 144 Nm 3 /h 94 % yield 98 % purity

11. IFP project – Biogas upgrading June 10 th 2008 11/22 High pressure water scrubbing (II) Cost estimation HPWS Investment costs () 440,000 Running costs () 120,000 Price per Nm 3 biogas () 0.15

12. IFP project – Biogas upgrading June 10 th 2008 12/22 Pressure swing adsorption (I) Output: 139 Nm 3 /h 91 % yield 98 % purity

13. IFP project – Biogas upgrading June 10 th 2008 13/22 Pressure swing adsorption (II) PSA Investment costs () 805,000 Running costs () 187,250 Price per Nm 3 biogas () 0.26 Cost estimation

14. IFP project – Biogas upgrading June 10 th 2008 14/22 Cryogenic separation (I) Output: 161 Nm 3 /h 98 % yield 91 % purity

15. IFP project – Biogas upgrading June 10 th 2008 15/22 Cryogenic separation (II) Cost estimation Cryogenic separation Investment costs () 908,500 Running costs () 397,500 Price per Nm 3 biogas () 0.40

16. IFP project – Biogas upgrading June 10 th 2008 16/22 Membrane separation (I) Output: 130 Nm 3 /h 78 % yield 90 % purity

17. IFP project – Biogas upgrading June 10 th 2008 17/22 Membrane separation (II) Cost estimation Membrane separation Total upgrading process Investment costs () 233,000749,000 Running costs () 81,750126,750 Price per Nm 3 biogas () 0.11 0.22

18. IFP project – Biogas upgrading June 10 th 2008 18/22 Outline Introduction Upgrading techniques Process Cost estimation Waste streams Ease of operation Comparison Conclusions Recommendations Questions

19. IFP project – Biogas upgrading June 10 th 2008 19/22 Comparison

20. IFP project – Biogas upgrading June 10 th 2008 20/22 Conclusions High pressure water scrubbing cheapest option HPWS & membrane easy to operate and no chemicals needed Membrane separation is promising Each technique has its advantages depending on the goal HPWS best overall performance:- high yield and purity - compact setup - no chemicals - only one waste stream

21. IFP project – Biogas upgrading June 10 th 2008 21/22 Recommendations Investigate cost of waste treatment Calculate CO 2 footprint Investigate different types of catalysts and membranes Optimize cryogenic separation

22. IFP project – Biogas upgrading June 10 th 2008 22/22 Thank you for your attention Questions ?