1. Dairy Surface Water Disinfection - Case Study -

2. Dairy Farm - Continental, OH 600 head of dairy cattle Milked 3 times/day Facility Background

3. Original System Profile 300 ft. well capable of 100 GPM Raw water flows through a Plate Coolerinto a 6.5 million gallon holding pond Water use: - Drinking water for 600 head of dairy cattle - Plate cooler (milk cooling) - Wash down (Rinse use only)

4. The Problem Raw water analysis revealed high levels of hydrogen sulfide and calcium hardness. Poor water quality dictated surface water treatment Table 1: Results of Pre-treatment Water Analysis Contaminant Result Unit Hydrogen Sulfide 100 PPM Total Hardness 1,026 (60) PPM (GPG*) * Grains Per Gallon

5. To produce milk at maximum levels, dairy cattle must be well hydrated High hydrogen sulfide levels create aesthetic problems, reducing water consumption. Hydrogen sulfide dramatically shortens the life of expensive equipment. Importance of High Quality Water

6. New System Based on the water analysis, the well water will be used through the plate cooler only prior to being sent to the holding pond. –Plate cooler requires fairly consistent water temperature (approximately 54˚ F) –High hydrogen sulfide and calcium levels do not have adverse effects on the plate cooler.

7. New System (Continued) The following system components were installed to treat the Holding Pond water for cattle drinking water and wash down use. Two 5.0 hp submersible pumps pull water from holding pond Slow sand filtration filters water from pond 5,000 gallon atmospheric holding tank fills by a float switch 20 gram/hour corona discharge ozone generator Oxygen feed at 14 SCFH by an oxygen concentrator 3/4-hp pump (40 GPM) for recirculation of the atmospheric tank Signet ORP (Oxidation Reduction Potential) Controller Chlorine Feeder (for holding tank sanitation) 5.0 hp centrifugal pump to re-pressurize the system Multi-media filtration Cation water softener (for wash down use only)

8. System Schematic

9. System Schematic (continued)

10. Results Water Disinfection - Maintaining an 850mV of ORP in the holding tank Note: Bottled water standard is 650mV ORP - Chlorine residual.200 PPM (for holding tank sanitation) - In compliance with the counties Health Department regulations - In compliance with Ohio State Department of Healths rule #3701 for continuous disinfection Milk Production - Before Ozone System: 62lbs./day average per cow - After 90 Days with Ozone System: 72lbs./day average per cow - Currently with Ozone System: 85lbs/day average per cow Increase in production attributed to cattle drinking more water!

11. Benefits Higher milk production = $$$ Water has been purified and disinfected Extended life of equipment Less chemical use Less chemical storage Less chemicals to sewer or waste

12. Other Dairy Applications Anti-microbial wash - Bulk milk tanks - Bulk milk tank transfer lines - Feed bottles and nipples - Teats - Teat cups - Equipment - Floors and walls CIP (Clean In Place) Systems Hard Surface Cleaning Waste water Residential drinking water Odor control - office use