1. Good afternoon
I would like to invite you on a little excursion to one of our most exciting programs
CBNRM in Mozambique Philipp Goeltenboth, Coastal Eastern Africa Program, WWFUS ABCG 13 July Parks and Poverty Meeting

3. … but also the extreme human poverty.
Then I characterise the socio-economic situation:
Per capita income about 150 USD per a, with less than half this in the rural areas
Life expectancy in the province is 37.8 years, while the under-five mortality rate is 295 per thousand.
Population depends directly on natural resource exploration (agriculture, fishing, hunting, collection of forest resources).
Conventional developmental solutions were not treating root environmental causes of some of this poverty.

4. One of the causes was HEC as humans and elephants invaded each others areas and increased populations after the war.
corn is the main staple food in this part of Africa.
however, soils are poor, rainfall is not abundant, so agricultural productivity is low. People plant fruits, such as mangos, and vegetables to supplement corn for nutrients and vitamins – which is especially important for children.
however corn, fruits and vegetables are also attractive to the growing elephant population in the park and communities are faced by raiding elephants that can destroy an entire years crop in a single night.

5. With help from J&J, the PNQ embarked on an integrated programme of HEC management. One of the main elements was the use of the caustic oil of the chilli plant to deter elephant incursions. NB that chillis are locally grown.

6. Then the mixture is applied to coconut fobre ropes to make a poor man’s electric fencing. We have about 200 kms of this currently in use in the PNQ. This is the first line of defense. Tell the story of elephants communicating this over long distances.
Note that the ranger has to use protection of her hands, as the chillis can cause chemical burns on human skin.

7. Chillis are pounded and mixed with elephant dung to produce caustic smoke bombs, which elephant are extremely sensitive to, having of course this incredible sensory array hanging from the end of their faces…
If you want to know what this feels like, just burn some chillies in a frypan on your stove at home…
This is the second line of defense. The third line is the use of blank ammunition supplied by the Navy...

8. Food Supplies Secure For The First Time In Living Memory In The PNQ
Using all of these techniques together means that this year for the first time in living memory, there will be enough food for the population of the PNQ. This made headlines in the national newspaper.

9. No Elephants Poached In PNQ Since 2004!!
The presence of armed rangers and the reduction in HEC in general meant that no elephants have been poached since 2004 in PNQ.
Of course the HEC programme doesn’t work unless the fields are previously zoned so that the fields are together, otherwise you just chase elephants from one set of fields to the other.
Thus we have in the park a zoning plan that allows for community use zones as well as total protection zones.

10. Note the rich colour of the harvested topsoil here when compared to the surrounding soil. It is clear that the pit captures soil of very high fertility when compared to the field average. This is because small organic particles are both the richest particles and the first to be eroded.

11. tourism boom
33 hotel starts
governor of Cabo Delgado is now Min of Interior
now 16% growth in province
So note that we as WWF developed an approach that not only conserved biodiversity, but also addressed rural livelihoods and the need for overall national economic development, and this is a very appropriate vision and strategy for a country such as Mozambique that is in need of all of these.

12. There are also present a variety of sinister, Darth Vader-type vessels like this illegal long liner that invade Mozambique waters to poach fish.

13. Management will be by a coalition of communities, park service, WWF, and the Navy, our strongest partner within Mozambique GoM.
Say who everyone is.

14. Support so far:
500,000 for park development and emergency protection (WWF-US, CI, UNF, Marisla F.)
Next steps:
Getting the park off the ground
Community livelihoods support program
Monitoring and evaluation system
Community co-management and enforcement

15. And if we can pull it all together, the result will be a lot less resource destruction in the P and S, as shown in the upper picture.
And a lot more healthy resource use, as we currently have in the PNQ.

16. Thank you