1. Unit 1: Neuroscience
2.2.16

2. Entry Task:
Between you & your partner(s), pick ONE person to get 13 different colored pencils/crayons
(you’ll be sharing)

3. Part 3:
The Brain

4. Medulla [muh-DUL-uh]:base of the brainstem
Brainstem: oldest part & central core of the brain; beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull
responsible for automatic survival functions
Medulla [muh-DUL-uh]:base of the brainstem
controls heartbeat and breathing

6. Reticular Formation: nerve network in the brainstem
plays an important role in controlling arousal
Midbrain: small, central part of the brainstem
Controls vision, hearing, & temperature regulation

8. Thalamus [THAL-uh-muss]: brain’s sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem
directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla

10. Cerebellum [sehr-uh-BELL-um]: the “little brain” attached to the rear of the brainstem
it helps coordinate voluntary movement and balance

11. Amygdala [ah-MIG-dah-la]
Limbic System
a doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem & cerebral hemispheres
associated with emotions (fear, aggression, and drives for food and sex)
includes the amygdala, hypothalamus, and hippocampus.
Amygdala [ah-MIG-dah-la]
two almond-shaped neural clusters that are components of the limbic system and are linked to emotion

12. Limbic System

13. Hypothalamus
neural structure lying below (hypo) the thalamus; directs several maintenance activities:
eating
drinking
body temperature
helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland
is linked to emotion

14. Limbic System

15. Hippocampus
elongated ridges
center of emotion, memory, and the autonomic nervous system

16. Limbic System

17. Cerebral Cortex Glial Cells
intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheres
body’s ultimate control & information processing center
Glial Cells
cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons

18. Frontal Lobes Parietal Lobes Occipital Lobes Temporal Lobes
involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments
Parietal Lobes
include the sensory cortex
Occipital Lobes
include the visual areas, which receive visual information from the opposite visual field
Temporal Lobes
include the auditory areas

20. Motor Cortex Sensory Cortex
area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements
Sensory Cortex
area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body sensations

22. Functional MRI scan shows the visual cortex activated as the subject looks at faces

24. Unit 1: Neuroscience
2.3.16

25. Discovering Psychology
The Behaving Brain
Annenberg Learner

26. Aphasia Broca’s Area Wernicke’s Area
impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca’s area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke’s area (impairing understanding)
Broca’s Area
an area of the left frontal lobe that directs the muscle movements involved in speech
Wernicke’s Area
an area of the left temporal lobe involved in language comprehension and expression

28. Brain activity when hearing, seeing, and speaking words

29. Plasticity brain’s capacity for modification
evident in brain reorganization following damage (especially in children) and in experiments on the effects of experience on brain development

30. Unit 1: Neuroscience
2.4.16

31. Textbooks
To the library!

32. Pituitary Gland Master endocrine gland
Secretes many different hormones, some of which affect other glands

33. More intelligent animals have increased “uncommitted” or association areas of the cortex

34. Corpus Callosum large band of neural fibers
connects the two brain hemispheres
carries messages between the hemispheres
Corpus callosum

35. The information highway from the eye to the brain

36. Split Brain
condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them

37. momentarily projected.
“What word
did you see?” or
Psychologist Michael Gazzaniga conducted an experiment in 1967 in which he asked split-brain patients to stare at a dot as he flashed he*art on a screen. Thus, HE appeared in their left visual field (which transmits to the right brain) and ART in their right field (which transmits to the left brain). When he then asked what they had seen, the patients said they had seen ART (remember the left brain controls verbalization). But when asked to point to the word, they were startled when their left hand (controlled by the right brain) pointed to HE. Given an opportunity to express itself, each hemisphere reported only what it had seen. The right brain (controlling the left hand) intuitively knew what it could not verbally report.
“Point with
your left
hand to the
word you
saw.”
“Look at the dot.”
Two words separated
by a dot are
momentarily projected.

38. Brain Lesion
naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue

39. EEG
an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain’s surface
these waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp

40. CT (computed tomography) Scan
a series of x-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body; also called CAT scan
PET (positron emission tomography) Scan
a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images that distinguish among different types of soft tissue; allows us to see structures within the brain

41. PET Scan

42. MRI
Picture on the right is correlated with schizophrenia patients

43. Discovering Psychology
The Responsive Brain
Annenberg Learner