1. Exam review for unit one (chapters 1 & 2)
The Roman Empire
Exam review for unit one (chapters 1 & 2)

2. Attila
Known as the “Scourge of God”

3. Augustus
Caesars’s adopted son, created Pax Romana (peace and prosperity) in his empire

4. Material Culture
Tools, jewelry, and other objects of daily life

5. Corruption
Use of a position of trust for dishonest gain

6. Primary Source
Eyewitness record created at or near the time of an event
Been there, done that!

7. Moat
A trench filled with water that protected Constantinople

8. Patriarch
The bishop of Rome, Jerusalem, Antioch, Constantinople, or Alexandria

9. Icon
A holy image, usually a portrait of Jesus or a saint

10. Catholic
Universal or concerned with all people

11. The Roman Republic
Was established around 510 B.C.

12. Latifundia
A place where the poor people were tenant farmers but were not slaves

13. Historical Interpretations
Often change over time as more information is found to tell a more thorough story.

14. Rome’s Success
Good Emperors (Augustus, Trajan, Hadrian, Nerva, Marcus Aurelius)
Strong well disciplined army
Roman roads, bridges, and defenses such as forts and walls

15. Caracalla (in 212 AD)
Made Roman subjects more loyal by granting citizenship to more people

16. Use of German soldiers in the Roman Army:
Weakened the army because they felt no loyalty to Rome

17. One reason Christianity spread through the empire:
Constantine allowed Christians to practice their religion without persecution.

18. Slaves
Did not have the same rights as a Roman man

19. Scholars and Traders
Took ideas and goods home from Constantinople to spread Byzantine culture.

20. Hagia Sophia Cultural Achievement of the Byzantine Empire
When Prince Vladimir of Kiev Sent representatives to Constantinople where they saw the Hagia Sophia. They reported “We only know that God dwells there among men.”

21. Constantine’s Military Victories
Ended a period of power struggles

22. Eastern Orthodox Church
Influenced Slavic cultures because Cyril and Methodius invented the Cyrillic Alphabet for Slavic languages

23. Justinian
Demanded that a group of lawyers rewrite Roman laws because the laws were confusing and disorganized.

24. Early Christian Church
Relied on organization to survive competition from other religions

25. Constantinople’s Defenses
Thick, high walls
Skilled Navies
Moats
But they were no match for Greek Fire

26. Missionaries
Brought writing and religious teachings to Slavic lands

27. Justinian’s main objective as emperor
Was to restore Rome’s lost empire

28. Essay Questions:
How did problems and weaknesses inside the Roman Empire help destroy it?
Why did the Roman Empire change from being a republic to being ruled by an emperor?
Why was Constantinople a better location for the capital of the empire than Rome?
Explain how the pope’s attempt to enforce apostolic succession made it possible for the Byzantine emperor to become the head of the Eastern Orthodox Chuch.

29. Rubric for essays Citing 5 points Own Words 5 points
Quote from text 5 points
Correct answer 15 points
Total for each question: points