1. APES
Open Ended Response

2. APES A – Answer question directly (TAG – Title, Author, Genre)
P – Provide evidence (using an Introductory Phrase)
E – Explain evidence (using a Contextualizing Phrase)
S – Strengthen argument
APES

3. Basic rules
When you quote another writer's words, you need to introduce or contextualize the quote.
Quotes cannot stand alone in a paper.
Contextualize – provide information that determines its meaning/purpose

4. How to introduce a quote…
Introductory phrases
EXAMPLE
The speaker asks, "What immortal hand or eye / Dare frame thy fearful symmetry?”
King Uther declares, “Igraine has broken my heart…and unless I can win her, I shall never recover.”

5. How to introduce a quote…
Introductory phrases
_______ states, “ _______ shows that, “
_______ observes, “ _______ believes that, “
_______ asks, “ _______ testified, “
_______ explains, “ _______ argues, “
_______ says, “ According to _______, “
_______ argues, “ In _______’s words, “
_______ thinks, “ _______ reports, “
It is made evident to the reader that _______ when _______ [verb], “
This becomes clearly evident when _______ [verb], “
One of the most striking pieces of evidence is when _______ [verb]

6. Following up a quote… Contextualizing Phrases EXAMPLE
King Uther declares, “Igraine has broken my heart…and unless I can win her, I shall never recover.”
It is evident that Uther responds to Igraine’s rejection in an exaggerated, over the top manner that dramatically affects his physical and mental health.

7. How to Contextualize a quote…
Contextual phrasing
Here the reader can see see that
This statement shows
Clearly, then,
The reader can conclude that
This tells the reader that
From this the reader can understand
The purpose of this passage is to
It is evident that
It is strikingly clear that
This clearly evidences
It can be inferred from this passage