1. DNA A DNA: 4 Bases (A, T, C, G) RNA: 4 Bases (A, U, C, G) Deoxy-ribose
Look at your DNA Activity Note Page- Complete the first two boxes.
DNA
Nitrogen
Base
Phosphate group
Deoxy-ribose A T
DNA: 4 Bases (A, T, C, G) C G
RNA: 4 Bases (A, U, C, G) A U C G

2. 1. Sugar is Deoxyribose 1. Sugar is Ribose 2. ___________stranded
3 main differences between DNA and RNA
1. Sugar is
Deoxyribose
1. Sugar is
Ribose
2. ___________stranded
Single
2. ___________ stranded
Double
3. Contains Thymine
3. Thymine turns into
Uracil

6. A-G-C-C-T-A-T-C-G T-C-G-G-A-T-A-G-C Nucleus
REPLICATION : COPY (DNA  DNA)
Process of replication:
WHERE DOES THIS HAPPEN IN THE CELL?
DNA strand unzips(breaking hydrogen bonds and separating bases)  complementary bases come and pair up 2 identical strands of DNA are made
Nucleus
Now replicate your strand
A-G-C-C-T-A-T-C-G
T-C-G-G-A-T-A-G-C

7. A-U-A-C-G-U-U-A-A TRANSCRIPTION: Change DNA  mRNA
WHERE DOES THIS HAPPEN AT IN THE CELL?
A  __, G  __, T  __, C  __
TRANSCRIBE your strand! U C A G
Nucleus
T – A – G – A – C – T
A – U – C –U – G – A
TRANSLATION: RNA is decoded and a protein is made from amino acids
mRNAchain of amino acids AKA.__________________
WHERE DOES THIS HAPPEN IN THE CELL?
1. Divide RNA “letters” into CODONS (3 letters)
2. Use chart to TRANSLATE mRNA into amino acids.
Protein
Polypeptide
Cytoplasm
A-U-A-C-G-U-U-A-A

8. Divide into codons: A-U-A-C-G-U-U-A-A

9. TRANSLATE: G-C-U-U-U-U-A-C-G
MORE PRACTICE
TRANSLATE: G-C-U-U-U-U-A-C-G
Phenylalanine
Threonine
Alanine

10. REMEMBER CERTAIN CODONS ARE START AND STOP CODONS

11. Divide your paper into 4 sections
Which of the following is not part of DNA?
Nitrogen Base
Phosphate Group
Hydrochloric Acid
Sugar
Define “replication” 1 2 4 3
Translate: UGA
If there is a “U” in a codon, is it DNA or RNA?

12. Hydrochloric Acid
Copy 1 2 4 3
STOP
RNA?

13. MUTATIONS

14. GOOD MUTATIONS

15. Mutations Mutations are changes in DNA that can be inherited
Mutations occur when bases/ chromosomes are added/inserted, deleted or substituted and when segments of DNA are missing
Not all mutations are harmful – some are very beneficial

16. Types of mutation: Deletion, Substitution, Insertion, Frameshift
QUESTIONS
Types of mutation: Deletion, Substitution, Insertion, Frameshift
What type of mutation do insertion and deletion fall under?
What type of mutations changes the entire protein?
What type of mutation changes just 1 amino acid not the whole protein?
Which mutations usually make the biggest change in a protein? Smallest?
Frameshift
Insertion and Deletion
Substitution
Insertion and Deletion….. Substitutuion

17. A The siblings of the organism B The offspring of the organism
A mutation that occurs in the gametes of an organism will most likely be transferred to which of the following?
A The siblings of the organism
B The offspring of the organism
C The other organisms living nearby
D The mating partner of the organism B

18. C Messenger RNA D Carbohydrate
The process represented in the diagram produces a molecule that is complementary to the template strand of DNA. What type of molecule is produced?
A New DNA B Polypeptide
C Messenger RNA D Carbohydrate C

19. Which of these changes to the DNA triplet 3’ GCT 5’ will affect the protein produced?
A GTT B TCT
C TCC D GCA A