1. Sub-Divisions of Geography
RVCS HONORS WORLD GEOGRAPHY

2. Difference Between History & Geography
History = “When”
Geography = “Where”
But, the two disciplines go together like pepperoni and pineapple (seriously, try it on a pizza!)

3. 2 Main Branches of Geography
Physical Geography—The study of the earth and its resources
Human Geography—The study of man as he lives on the earth and uses its resources
[video quiz game]

4. 2 Ways to Look at Geography
Systematic Geography—Observes one branch of geography at a time.
Regional Geography—Observes one region of geography at a time.
The “Far East”
Virginia Geography
Etc. (you fill in the blank)

5. 4 Themes of Geography Location—Absolute or relative
“Absolute” is specific (GPS coordinates)
“Relative” is compared to another location (Roanoke, VA is north of Atlanta, GA)
Interaction—Among people or between people and environments
Movement—Transporting people, goods, ideas, diseases, etc.
Region—Defined by formal boundaries

6. The Earliest Map on Record
Map-making goes back to at least B.C. (Babylon)
Babylon (the itty-bitty dot) is between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

7. This one is old too…
Sumerian Map ( B.C.)

8. Eratosthenes Greek mathematician and geographer
The first writer to use the word “geography”
Calculated the circumference of the earth to be about 25,000 miles (actual = 24,860)
He believed that the world was a sphere

9. Ptolemy
Geocentric Theory—He falsely taught that the universe revolves around the earth.
Map Skills—While astronomy wasn’t quite his thing, Ptolemy was very accurate in his mapmaking abilities.

11. The Age of Exploration Cartography—The making of maps
Cartography during the Age of Exploration/Scientific Revolution became increasingly more accurate.
Gerhardus Mercator— Published one of the best maps for his time in

12. Topography
Topography—The study of land features, including their elevations

13. The GPS GPS—Global Positioning System
Original Purpose—The GPS has been financed and operated by the U.S. Department of Defense, and was originally designed for military use (not civilian).
[Video] NgTKejIpY

14. Latitude & Longitude
Latitude—A measurement system that runs east to west
Equator
Longitude—A measurement system that runs north to south
Prime Meridian

16. Map Projections
Map Projection—A method to show the earth’s round surface on a flat map.
Distortion—Error in the map’s display (area, shape, distance, or direction)
Cylindrical, Azimuthal, and Conic Projections—see pg. 19
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17. Types of Maps
Mental Map—A person’s perception of the world (or a part of it) based on available knowledge.
Political Map—Indicates state or national boundaries, capitals, and major cities.
Physical Map—Shows mountains, rivers, lakes, elevation, and other natural features.
Topographic Map—Indicates shape and the elevation of the landforms shown.
Climate Map—Provides information about weather patterns in an area.
Economic or Resource Map—Shows the natural resources or economic activities of a place.
Other Maps—

18. Relief Map