1. Unit 1 – Science Inquiry
Biology

2. What is BIOLOGY? The study of living things Different branches?
What does it mean to you to be alive?

3. Characteristics of Life
Energy (obtain & use) –
What is Metabolism?  Obtaining nutrients (digestion, photosynthesis)
What is Respiration  Take in O2, use O2, release CO2
Reproduction –
Creating offspring (children, an animal’s young)
Asexual vs. sexual

4. Three Factors Constantly changing
Here are three factors that are constantly changing in our environment:
Temperature
Gas Pressure/ Atmospheric pressure.
Weather/Wind, Rain.
What does an organisms need to do in order to maintain internal balance in an always changing environment?
Homeostasis  Maintain a constant internal environment

5. Characteristics of Life
Movement – Describe some ways that animals move:
External AND internal
How do plants move?
Phototaxis-movement towards light as well as taxis towards water.
Responsiveness –
React to change
Growth –
Increase in body size or increase in cell numbers

6. Levels of Organization
Atoms
Molecules
Macromolecules
Organelles
Cells
Tissues (groups of cells)
Organ (groups of tissues)
Organ system (group of organs)

7. Levels of Organization
9. Organism (groups of organ systems)
10. Population (interbreeding species)
11. Community (all species in a given area)

8. Levels of Organization
12. Ecosystem (biotic and abiotic)
13. Biosphere (all areas on earth that sustain life)

9. Jobs in a Community Producers – Other examples  trees, algae, flowers
Organisms that create sugar (food)
Plants  photosynthesis
Other examples  trees, algae, flowers

10. Jobs in a Community Consumers –
Uses sugar (food) to maintain energy needed to survive
Reminder: energy is needed to grow, to reproduce, to move, and to maintain homeostasis
Primary  Eat the producers (herbivores)
Examples: Deer, birds, rabbits
Secondary  Eat other animals (carnivores or omnivores)
Examples: Owl, humans, bear

11. Jobs in a Community Decomposers –
Living things that get their food from breaking down dead matter
Examples: Bacteria, fungi, mold
Without decomposers, the world would be covered in dead material

12. Domains
Archae –
Ancient bacteria that don’t necessarily use O2 as an energy source
Extreme climates/environments
Archaebacteria stain in a geyser

13. Domains Eubacteria – Eukaryotes – Use O2 for energy
Prokaryotes (no nucleus)
Eukaryotes –
Cells with a nucleus (contains DNA)
E. Coli

14. Kingdoms
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protists
Fungus
Plants
Animals

15. Kingdoms Rankings – Organisms are grouped (broad to specific)
Kingdom  largest category of classification
Phylum  group of similar classes
Class  group of similar orders
Order  group of similar families
Family  group of similar genera (plural of genus)
Genus  group of similar species
Species smallest taxa (group)
ONLY the same species can breed and produce fertile offspring!

16. Example – Domestic Dogs
Kingdom  Animalia
Phylum  Chordata
Class  Mammalia
Order  Carnivora
Family  Canidae
Genus  Canis
Species  Lupus

17. Most Important Rules for Graphing
1 Title must explain the graph meaning
X axis must be labeled and must be the Independent Variable
Y Axis must be labeled and must be the Dependent Variable
Graph type must fit data presentation
Numbers must go in sequence

18. Types of Graphs Circle Graph: Shows Percentage
Bar Graph: Shows comparisons:

19. Types of Graphs continued
Line Graph: Shows a change in something (often it is a change over time)
**Important to note that if you have multiple data points, you can create a double line graph**

20. Scientific Method (page 14)
Identify a problem – a question with a possible answer
Background information
Create hypothesis – educated guess that must be testable
If/then statement
Test hypothesis – experiment/procedure
Make observations – collecting data for proof
Come to a conclusion – was hypothesis supported?
Revise hypothesis and retest

21. Experimental Design Constant variables – Independent variable –
Does not change (compare results to)
Independent variable –
Purposely changed (changes at constant rate)
Dependent variable –
Results from the independent variable (changes based on independent variable)
Experimental error –
Mistakes that may skew results
Sample size –
Larger the better
Statistics, Charts and Graphs: Give a visual description of how the data supports or disproves your hypothesis

22. Scientific Inquiry Hypothesis – Theory – Law –
Educated guess that is testable
Theory –
In science  a logical/testable model
Tries to explain an event
Set of hypothesis that are put together
Can be disproven!!!
Example?
Law –
Well documented history of proven tests
Describes the event

23. Biology Terms Evolution – Mutation – Survival of the fittest –
Change in a population over time
Mutation –
Change in the genetic makeup of an individual
Survival of the fittest –
Organisms best suited to their environment will survive and reproduce

24. Natural Selection
Nature chooses most suitable adaptations for the environment
Individuals vary in
Form
Function
Behavior
Adaptive, environmentally affected traits
Outcome of differences in survival and “reproduction”
Leads to a better fit with prevailing environmental conditions