1. 2018/7/28
GridMonitoring: Secured Sovereign Blockchain based Monitoring on Smart Grid
Authors: Jian-Bin Gao, Kwame Omono Asamoah, Emmanuel Boateng Sifah,
Abla Smahi, Qi Xia, Hu Xia, Xiao-Song Zhang, and Gui-Shan Dong
Source: IEEE Access, Vol. 6, pp , 27 Feb. 2018
Speaker: Kai-Fan Chien
Date: 2018/9/20

2. Outline Introduction Preliminaries Design Formulation Design Approach
2018/7/28
Outline
Introduction
Preliminaries
Design Formulation
Design Approach
Smart Contracts and Sovereign Blockchain Design
Discussion
Conclusions

3. 2018/7/28
Introduction(1/2)
Smart grid & Smart home
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4. !!! +$ Introduction(2/2) ??? The data can be compromised.
2018/7/28
Introduction(2/2)
The data can be compromised.
Billing(usually month)
Details of billing are not revealed to consumers.
They don’t know which electrical appliances consume more power.
!!! +$
???
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5. Preliminaries(1/2) Sovereign Blockchain Network
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Preliminaries(1/2)
Sovereign Blockchain Network
Processing and Consensus Nodes
Node
Verification
Blockchain
Node
Meter ID
House number
Area code
Consumer information
Block

6. + A B C Preliminaries(2/2) 10 $ 20 $ 30 $ Smart contract .sol Compile
Local
Bytecode
Deploy
Contract
Ethereum

7. Design Formulation(1/5)
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Design Formulation(1/5)
User Layer
The User Layer comprises all the entities who access electricity from the utility company.

8. Design Formulation(2/5)
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Design Formulation(2/5)
Data Processing and Monitoring Layer
Help in processing all the data sent to the smart grid network.

9. Design Formulation(3/5)
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Design Formulation(3/5)
Registration and Authentication Layer
Comprises of the registrar and the authenticator.
Unique ID is generated for the user.
Authenticated by the authenticator using this unique ID.

10. Design Formulation(4/5)
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Design Formulation(4/5)
Smart Contract
Identify malicious usage of electrical power and electrical data.
Smart Contracts Database
This is a report violation storage
and action center on the
sovereign blockchain network.

11. Design Formulation(5/5)
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Design Formulation(5/5)
Energy Center
The power is later distributed to clients on the network based on tariffs paid per month.
Data Center
Research purposes.

12. Design Approach(1/2) Registration and Authentication Layer
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Design Approach(1/2)
Registration and Authentication Layer
User’s meter ID is generated and the data is shared with the authenticator.
Area code of where the user resides is added and then linked to a smart meter.
The user is given access to electricity.
1. Requests
2. Meter ID
4. Meter ID
5. Electricity
3. Area code
2. Meter ID
Processing and Consensus Nodes

13. Design Approach(2/2) Smart Meter Processing and Consensus Nodes Node
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Design Approach(2/2)
Smart Meter
Processing and Consensus Nodes
Node
Verification
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Meter readings
Node
Blockchain

14. Smart Contracts and Sovereign Blockchain Design(1/3)
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Smart Contracts and Sovereign Blockchain Design(1/3)
Smart Contracts Design
Report the state of data on the smart meter.
Violations on consumer data that happens on the smart grid network.
Send reports to the smart grid network.
Also leave alert messages on the screen of the smart meter for the consumer.

15. Smart Contracts and Sovereign Blockchain Design(2/3)
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Smart Contracts and Sovereign Blockchain Design(2/3)
Parent Block Structure
The block header is hashed with SHA-256 as done in the Bitcoin headers.
Time to purchase power (TTP)
Time to process the transaction (TPT)
Time power starts reading (TPR)
Time power reaches threshold value (TPRT)
Time power gets finished (TPF)
Meter ID (MID)
House number (HN)
Amount of power purchased (APP)
Processing node ID (NID)
Signature of processing node (Nsig)

16. Smart Contracts and Sovereign Blockchain Design(3/3)
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Smart Contracts and Sovereign Blockchain Design(3/3)
Side Block Structure
A side block is made of a format and this format is derived by appending a section of the main blocks ID to an ID generated by consensus nodes to the side block.
Timestamp of violation (TSV)
Timestamp of state of
smart meter (TSM)
Meter ID (MID)
House number (HN)
Type of violation (TVLN)
Processing node ID (NID)
Processing node signature (Nsig)

17. Discussion(1/3) Information sharing Efficient data manageability
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Discussion(1/3)
Information sharing
Efficient data manageability
Data immutability
Data immutability refers to the data being unalterable.
Blockchain
Customer control
This metric refers to customers being able to control their power usage.

18. Discussion(2/3) Data integrity Data provenance and auditing
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Discussion(2/3)
Data integrity
By blockchain.
Data provenance and auditing
Smart contracts.

19. 2018/7/28
Discussion(3/3)
[19] S. Rusitschka, K. Eger, C. Gerdes, "Smart grid data cloud: A model for utilizing cloud computing in the smart grid domain", 
Proc. 1st IEEE Int. Conf. Smart Grid Commun., pp , Oct
[20] A. R. Metke, R. L. Ekl, "Security technology for smart grid networks", IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 1, no. 1, pp , Jun
[21] M. Mylrea, S. N. G. Gourisetti, "Blockchain for smart grid resilience: Exchanging distributed energy at speed scale and security", 
Proc. Resilience Week, pp , 2017.
[22] F. Ye, Y. Qian, R. Q. Hu, "An identity-based security scheme for a big data driven cloud computing framework in smart grid", 
Proc. IEEE Global Commun. Conf. (GLOBECOM), pp. 1-6, Dec

20. Conclusions Sovereign blockchain-based system and smart contracts.
2018/7/28
Conclusions
Sovereign blockchain-based system and smart contracts.
This model enhances the transparency.