1. DISASTER MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS

2. Earthquake, Cyclone etc.
Disaster
Disaster occurs due to destruction of environment, which is caused by extraordinary natural phenomena or human induced hazards, resulting in human suffering and hardship beyond coping and recovery unless an external aid is introduced. To reduce the disaster probability, one has to decrease the vulnerability.
For example :
Earthquake, Cyclone etc.

3. For example: Volcano,Cyclone, Earthquake, Flood, Drought etc.
Hazard
An event which causes a situation which can be dangerous to people or property if occurred in the populated area.
For example: Volcano,Cyclone, Earthquake, Flood, Drought etc.

4. Vulnerability
Condition in the community, which leave it open to suffer from the effects of a disaster.
For example:
Houses on the seacoast in the cyclone prone area.
Village situated in the flood prone area.

5. Capacity
Capacities are those positive condition or abilities which increase a community’s ability to deal with hazards.

6. Risk
The probability/ likelihood of a disaster happening.

7. The ingredients of Disaster Relationship
H*V-C=R
Hazard*Vulnerability-Capacity= Risk
Disaster is the realization of the Risk

8. “Mitigation" means measures aimed at reducing the risk, impact or effects of a disaster or threatening disaster situation;
“Preparedness" means the state of readiness to deal with a threatening disaster situation or disaster and the effects thereof;

9. There are two types of disasters:
A. Natural disaster .
There are three type of Natural disaster:
1.Wind – Cyclone, storm, tidal Waves.
2.Water – Flood, Cloud burst, Cold Wave , Heat Wave, Flash Flood , Drought.
3.Earth – Earthquake, landslides, Tsunami.
B. Man- Induced disaster .
1.Accidents- Rail, Road, Air, Sea, Building Collapse Ect
2. Industrial Mishaps- Gas Leak, Explosion ect.
3.Fire- Building, Coal Mines, Oil Fields ect.
4.Forest Fire- Mainly tropical countries
5.Contamination/Poisoning- Food, Water, Illicit Liquors ect.
6. Terrorist Activities
7.Ecological- Pollution (Air, Water , Noise) Sea level rise ect.
8.Social- War, Riots, Hijacking, Civil Unrest

10. Eartquake Intensity – Magnitude in Richter Scale
Sl No
Type
Characteristics of Tremors
Mgt in Richter I
Instrumental
Seismographic
Very Low II
Feeble
Sensitive (people)
3.5
III
Slight
4.2 IV
Moderate
Walking, Loose objects
4.3 V
Rather Strong
Awakened
4.8 VI
Strong
Trees sway ect
VII
Very Strong
Cracks
5.5—6.1
VIII
Destructive
Damage to constructions
6.2 IX
Ruinous
House collapse
6.9 X
Disastrous
Ground Cracks
7.0—7.3 XI
Very Disastrous
Disrupts all services
7.4—8.1
XII
Catastrophic
Total destruction
Above 8.1

11. Richter Scale 6.2 and above

12. Richter Scale 6.9 and above

13. Richter Scale 7.0—7.3

14. Richter Scale

15. Disaster Risk Management Cycle Phases of Disaster Management15

16. 1.DISASTER RESPONSE:
Activities that take place when a disaster strikes to reduce loss of life and to deliver relief as quickly as possible to the affected people.
For example:
Search and rescue.
Need Assessment.
Provide First Aid Services.
Emergency food , water , medicines supply.
Provision of temporary shelters & other relief supplies.
Restoring family links.

17. 2.RECOVERY(REHABILITATION)
Measures taken after the disaster , to bring back the condition within the community to normal or even better than before.
For example:
Social Rehabilitation
ii. Economic Rehabilitation
iii. Psychological Rehabilitation

18. 3.Risk Reduction (Mitigation)
Long term measure taken before a disaster to lessen its effect on the community.
For example:
Strengthening of existing building and infrastructures
Raised earth platform in flood prone areas
Taking out insurance polices
Plantation of drought resistant crops
Build cyclone shelters, reinforcement of river banks in flood prone areas
Public awareness programs
Community based health care/health promotion

19. 4.Disaster Preparedness
Measure design to enables a community to cope with and respond quickly and effectively to any further disaster. These activities should take before a disaster.
For example:
Assessment of the VCA of the community through mapping exercise.
Develop early warning system
Formation of school disaster preparedness and response committee and plan
First aid, disaster preparedness & response training programme
Propositioning of essential relief items in strategic locations for timely response

20. 4.Disaster Preparedness
f. Increasing community disaster awareness
g. Improving coordination
h. Disaster emergency needs assessment checklist
i. Improving basic training skills.

21. DRR, Scholl Safety Audit & Crisis Management
DRR: Disaster Risk Reduction is aimed at long term Preparedness for any disaster, (Strategic Plan) School Safety Audit: Basically aimed at regular check and up-gradation of safety measures and state of preparedness , (A ready reckoner ) Crisis Management: Is process meant and designed to combat and respond during an emergency situation, (on site operation)