1. Stalin’s Soviet Union

2. How does Stalin create a totalitarian state?

4. State Control of Economy: Collectivisation And 5 Year Plans!
5 Year Plans: Plans to rapidly industrialize USSR
Collectivization: take land from peasants and create large collective farms
% of land was owned by peasants.
% was collectivized.

5. “Stakhanovite” Alexei Stakhanov = ideal worker
must work hard or risk being labeled a traitor

6. Gov’t Terror: Secret Police
1917: Lenin creates the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter Revolution, Speculation, Sabotage, and Misconduct in Office, better known as the CHEKA
The CHEKA starts arresting opponents and executing “traitors”

7. The CHEKA is eventually replaced by the GPU, then by the OGPU, and then in 1934 by the Commisariat for Internal Affairs, better known as the…
NKVD

8. Gov’t Terror: Purges! Why?: Protect revolution from “traitors”
VICTIMS:
Kulaks
Peasants
Trotsky, Bukharin, Zinoviev, Kirov & other old Bolsheviks.
Army officers

9. Show Trials (1930s)
Many top Commies accused of being enemies of the revolution
Accused often “confessed” to the crimes
Executions often followed

10. Zinoviev Put on trial in 1936 August 24, 1936:Found “guilty”
August 25, 1936: Executed

11. Bukharin
Arrested 1937
March 13, 1938: found “guilty”
March 15, 1938: executed

12. Trotsky: Assassinated in 1940

13. Alters History by “erasing” enemies!
Photo #1: Lenin and Trotsky
Photo #2: No Trotsky

14. Photo #1: Lenin and Trotsky
Photo #2: No Trotsky

15. Photo #1: Stalin and Yezhov

16. Photo #1
Before the Purges
Photo #2
After the Purges

20. 4 3 2 1

21. DeathTally: at least 20 million
Executed
Starved to death
Die in the gulag

22. Gov’t Terror: The Gulag!

23. Indoctrinating the Youth
Young Pioneers
Communsit Party youth group
for kids under 15
kids taught to love the Communist Party more than family

24. Young Pioneers Oath
“ I, a Young Pioneer of the Soviet Union, before my comrades do solemnly swear to be true to the precepts of Lenin, to stand firmly for the cause of our Communist Party and for the cause of Communism”

25. Komsomol
for kids over 15
way to become Communist Party members and have good future

26. Pavlik Morozov 13 yr. old turned in his father
heralded as ideal Soviet youth

27. Gov’t Control and Censorship of Media

28. Pravda (“Truth”): Official newspaper of the Communist Party

29. Glavlit: gov’t censoring agency
Goskomizdat : gov’t agency controlling publication of books and other literature

30. Forward, Oh Time
- Valentin Kataev, 1934
“To make life happy, it was not enough to say good words. It was not enough. One needed steel, steel, steel! With steel, there will be a new, happy life, a life that has never been before, a life that has never been seen before”

31. "Life's Getting Better“ (1936)
                                                                                                                                                                                                    
Beautiful as birds all in a row Songs fly above the Soviet land. The happy refrain of the cities and fields: "Life's getting better And happier too!"
The country is growing and singing as one, It forges everyone's joy with its songs. Look at the sun--the sun's brighter too! "Life's getting better And happier too!"
There's room everywhere for our minds and our hands, Wherever you go you'll find you have friends. Old age feels warmer, and youth braver still-- "Life's getting better And happier too!"
Know, Voroshilov, we're all standing guard-- We won't give the enemy even a yard. There is a saying for folks old and young: "Life's getting better And happier too!"
Let's let the whole gigantic country Shout to Stalin: "Thank you, our man, Live long, prosper, never fall ill!" "Life's getting better And happier too!"
He took unto himself the tears of the ages,
He took unto himself the woe of the ages,
He took unto himself the joy of the ages,
He took unto himself the wisdom of the ages,
He took unto himself te strength of the ages,
He burst unto the world like morning,
And the world calls him Stalin.
- 1936

33. “Thank you dear Stalin for a happy childhood.”

34. “Stalin at the helm”

35. “Under The Leadership Of The Great Stalin--Forward To Communism!”

36. “Take A Look: The Entire Soviet Nation Is Singing & Dancing”

37. Art
Socialist Realism: style of art designed to glorify communist party and Lenin/Stalin
all artists had to join the Union of Soviet Artists
Stalin: “Artists are the engineers of souls”
“Stalin as an organizer of the October Revolution”

38. “An Unforgettable Meeting” – Vasili Efanov

39. “A collective farm feast” - Alesandr Gerasimov, 1937

40. “Return of the Winners”

43. “Industrial Worker and Collective Farm Girl” – Vera Mukhina, 1935

45. Architecture Palace of the Soviets
Proposed building glorifying communism
would have been world’s tallest building
Lenin at the top would have been larger than the Statue of Liberty