1. Coach Crews World History
The Rise of Dictators
Coach Crews
World History

2. Vocabulary
Facism
Collective
Appeasement

3. Background Knowledge
European leaders declared war on Germany over violations of the Treaty of Versailles.
Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, causing the United States to enter the war.
3. The Nuremberg Laws deprived German Jews of citizenship.
4. Joseph Stalin became Soviet dictator and began instituting policies that led
to the deaths of millions of people.
5. The Nazis began building extermination camps.
6. The Soviet Union signed a nonaggression treaty with Nazi Germany.
7. The United States passed the first Neutrality Act, making it illegal to sell
arms to any country at war.
8. The United States Air Force aids Britain in the Battle of Britain.
9. The Nazis began building concentration camps.
10. Britain surrendered to Nazi Germany.

4. Treaty of Versailles
Massive Reparations The Allies blamed Germany for World War I and wanted to punish the country. They demanded that Germany pay $33 billion in reparations to the Allies.
Military Limitations The treaty reduced the size of Germany’s armed forces and prohibited them from crossing west of the Rhine River.
Territory Reductions German territory was divided to reestablish Poland, giving it access to the Baltic Sea. In addition, territories were seized in the west by France and in the south to help create Czechoslovakia.

5. Italy 1919: Benito Mussolini started the Fascist movement in Italy.
Mussolini promised to protect Italy from communism and restore prosperity.
1922: Mussolini threatened to march on Rome with the Fascist militia known as the Blackshirts.
The king appointed Mussolini premier. Mussolini assumed the title of Il Duce, meaning “The Leader” and set about pressing a Fascist agenda.

6. USSR
1922: The Communist Party declared the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics following the Russian Revolution.
1924: Joseph Stalin took power following the death of Communist leader Vladimir Lenin.
Stalin imposed a series of Five-Year Plans designed to industrialize the country and encourage economic growth. Family farms combined into collectives.
Stalin held absolute power and sought to eliminate all political and social opposition.
Nearly 2 million people were imprisoned in concentration camps by 1935.

7. Germany
The Nazi Party, led by Adolf Hitler, demanded an end to conditions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles and sought to expand German territory.
1923: Nazis marched on city hall in Munich in an attempt to seize power. Hitler was arrested, and the party was banned.
In prison, Hitler wrote Mein Kampf (“My Struggle”), in which he claimed that Germans belonged to a master race called Aryans and that Slavic and Jewish peoples were inferior.
Once out of prison, Hitler pursued political power. Economic depression often results in support for more radical parties.
1932: The Nazi Party held the most seats in the Reichstag, or German Parliament.
1933: Hitler was appointed chancellor and called for new elections.
1934: Hitler gave himself the title of Der Führer, or “The Leader.”

8. Japan
The Japanese military blamed the country’s economic woes on government corruption.
Japan imported most of its resources and faced high tariffs as a result of global depression.
The military pushed for territorial expansion to acquire more resources.
1931: Japan invaded Manchuria in northern China. In response to U.S. pressure, Emperor Hirohito ordered troop withdrawals, but Minister of War Hideki Tōjō refused.
1937: Japan invaded Nanjing, killing as many as 300,000.
1941: Tōjō became prime minister

9. What is facism?
How did Mussolini use the fear of communism to strengthen his hold over Italy?
What were the goals of the Nazi party?
What views did Hitler express in Mein Kampf?
How did these dictators use nationalism in their rise to power?