1. Chapter 15 section 2
The Home Front

2. Section Focus
How did the war change America at home?

3. New Economic Opportunities
USA economy quickly converts to war production to meet the nations military needs
White men are in army or quickly hired
How does industry fill its need for workers?
Who do you hire?

4. Women work for Victory
Government and industry launch publicity campaign to women to help with the war effort
Women eventually make up 1/3 of workforce
No longer quit job once married
Found jobs outside traditional realm
Heavy industry
Benefits
Set trend for future generations
Post war women as secretaries increases 5 x

5. Rosie the Riveter

6. African Americans America segregated
African Americans economic situation = bad (depression)
War jobs not available for African Americans
Aircraft industry = 100,000 jobs ; only 240 African Americans
“Double V” Campaign
African American leaders call for victory
Against fascism in Europe
Discrimination at home

7. African Americans A. Phillip Randolph Executive Order 8802
African American labor leader
“no longer second class citizen
Demand right to work and fight for country
Demand FDR end discrimination in gvt funded programs
Executive Order 8802
FDR issues order assuring fair hiring practices for gvt.
FDR fears massive protest during war is good for enemy propaganda

8. Workers on the Move Wartime needs encouraged migration
People moved where jobs are
California gains 2 million new residents
Chicago, Detroit, Gary, Cleveland boom
South and Southwest grow
Bracero Program
Brings 100k’s of workers from Mexico to America
Continues today

9. Workers on the Move Wartime migration leads to racial violence
Detroit Race Riots 1943
100k whites and blacks in full blown riot
Over building of housing for Blacks
34 people dead
Federal troops end violence
Zooters
Mexican American youth in LA
Off duty sailors go around city attacking zooters

11. Challenge to Civil Liberties
After Pearl Harbor, Gvt begins monitoring immigrants from Axis nations
“enemy aliens”
Forced to register with gvt, fingerprints, organizations
Japanese Americans forced to interment camps
Low numbers
No political clout

12. Japanese Challenges Korematsu vs. USA 442 Regimental Combat Team
Fred Korematsu challenges internment in Supreme Ct.
Supreme Court upholds legality of internment
442 Regimental Combat Team
1943 Japanese Americans allowed to serve in Army
Fight in Italy
Most decorated unit in USA military history

13. Supporting the War Effort
Cost of the War
$330 Billion ( 2x Federal gvt spent )
national debt increases
$42 Billion-$269 Billion
How do you pay for it?
5% tax on working Americans
War Bonds
“every dollar spent on war bonds is another bullet or bomb”

14. Government Manages Economy
Factories are converted from making consumer goods to war goods
Consumer products become scarce/prices increase
FDR creates Office of price Admin.
sets maximum prices and controls wages
Rationing
Citizens issued coupon books limiting amount of certain goods you could buy
Ensures rubber and oil are used for wartime needs

16. Rationing
Citizens encouraged to plant “Victory Gardens” and grow their own produce
Collecting Scrap metal for war effort

22. Media Boosts Morale Office of War Information Reminds Americans
Works closely with media to encourage support for war effort
Downplay problems at home (racial, economic, poverty crime, etc)
Reminds Americans
“you are in a struggle between democracy and dictatorship”

26. Hollywood
Patriotic films show Americans overseas or helping with war effort at home
Portray Japanese and Germans as treacherous monsters
Celebrities volunteer to sell war bonds/entertain troops

27. Section Focus How did the war change America at home?
Women and minorities found new opportunities in the workplace. African Americans achieved some improvements in civil rights along with some injustices. The US government also helped manage the economy.