1. Effects of European Arrival on Aboriginal Peoples and Culture

2. THE VIKINGS
The Vikings were among the earliest Europeans to reach North America.
When landed in Newfoundland around 1000 years ago, they referred to the Aboriginal people they met as skraelings or “little wretches.”
They viewed the Aboriginal people as uncivilized. This view stayed with the Aboriginals as more Europeans arrived.
The Vikings did not stay or make permanent settlements in North America.

5. Christopher Columbus
The arrival of Columbus in permanently changed the lives of Aboriginal people.
Aboriginal people were at a disadvantage, they faced new technologies and imported diseases as well as the European’s quest for new lands.
As a result Aboriginals lost their sovereignty.
Sovereignty ~ having independence and freedom from external control; the right to self-government.

6. Jacques Cartier
In 1534 Jacques Cartier explored the Gulf of St. Lawrence. This was the first true European voyage of discovery into Canada.
On his second voyage ( ), Cartier reached Stadacona (Quebec City). His journals describe a close but uneasy relationship with the Iroquois.
It is believed that the Iroquois told him that the St. Lawrence was the path to the interior, and the fisheries are in the east and the fur of the interior offer unlimited opportunities for wealth.

7. Aboriginals helped Cartier’s men survive their first winter in what is now Quebec.
The Europeans realized they needed the Aboriginals for survival. The earliest relations between Europeans and Aboriginals were mainly friendly.