1. Section 4-The Harlem Renaissance
Main Idea: Transformations in the African American community contributed to a blossoming of black culture centered in Harlem, New York.

2. African-American Voices in the 1920’s
The Great Migration- Between 1910 and 1920 hundreds of thousands of African-Americans left the South and migrated North in search of jobs
By 1930, nearly 5.2 million of the U.S.’s 12 million African-American’s were living in big cities
40% of the African-American population
However, not everyone was happy about the move
During the summer of 1919 there were 25 urban race riots

4. African-American Voices in the 1920’s
African-American Goals-
Founded in 1909, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) protested racial violence and acted as a more militant voice for African Americans.
W.E.B. Du Bois lead 10,000 man march to protest in New York to protest violence

5. African-American Voices in the 1920’s
Not every African-American found their voice with the NAACP others like Marcus Garvey a Jamaican immigrant believed that African Americans should build a separate society.
In 1914 he founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)
Used parades, mass meetings and African pride to gain support
Encouraged a “Return to Africa” Movement
Lost support when he went to jail for mail fraud
Garvey’s movement left behind a powerful legacy of newly awakened black pride, economic independence, and reverence for Africa.

6. The Harlem Renaissance Flowers in New York
Harlem Renaissance-Literary and artistic celebration of African-American culture that took place in New York during the 1920’s
Alain Locke-“The New Negro” (1925)
Landmark collection of writings by promising African-American authors
Langston Hughes-Movements best known poet
Many of Hughes’s 1920s poems described the difficult lives of working-class African
American’s while others moved to beat of jazz

7. The Harlem Renaissance Flowers in New York
Jazz and blues travelled from the South to the North.
Very exciting, improvised, fast or slow, and very easy to dance to.
Famous jazz clubs: Savoy Ballroom and the Cotton Club.
Mostly played for white audiences.
Notable Jazz Musicians:
Louis Armstrong- Trumpet player and singer who is considered the most influential jazz musician in history
Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington-Singer and composer who lead his ten piece orchestra at the Cotton Club
Bessie Smith-Singer and highest paid black performer in the world during the 1920’s

9. “Duke” Ellington Bessie Smith

10. Louis Armstrong