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Essential Question: How did Napoleon come to power in France? What were the important reforms & consequences of his reign?
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In 1799, Napoleon staged a coup d’etat (overthrow) of the French republic & assumed power as dictator
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Napoleon improved the government, economy, & lives for French citizens
Economy: introduced a fair tax system & a Bank of France Government : created a merit based bureaucracy Govt: issued a set of laws called the Napoleonic Code that provided order and equality Social: created public schools for all male students
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In 1804, the French people voted Napoleon Emperor for life
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Napoleon wanted a global empire But, the revolution in Haiti convinced Napoleon to abandon North America
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Louisiana Purchase: In 1803, Napoleon sold the Louisiana Territory to the United States for $15 million
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During the Napoleonic Wars, Napoleon conquered Austria, Prussia, Spain, Italy, & central Europe
From 1807 to 1812, Napoleon ruled over the largest European empire since the Romans
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During his rule over Europe, Napoleon made a number of bad decisions
Napoleon could not defeat England He ordered a blockade, called the Continental System, to cut off all trade with England This was a failure & hurt France more than England
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In 1812, Napoleon made his greatest mistake & invaded Russia
Napoleon forced nations to obey French laws, this led to a rise in nationalism & uprisings In 1812, Napoleon made his greatest mistake & invaded Russia The harsh winter & Russia’s scorched-earth policy devastated the French army & forced Napoleon to retreat
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The French monarchy was restored
In 1814, the French army was defeated; Napoleon surrendered & was exiled to the island of Elba The French monarchy was restored
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After his defeat, Napoleon was exiled again
In 1815, Napoleon returned & built an army, but was defeated by a united European force at the Battle of Waterloo After his defeat, Napoleon was exiled again
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What was Napoleon’s impact?
He created reforms that ended the financial crisis & unequal class system and made public schools & a law code The fall of empire led to a conflict between rule by strong monarchs & democratic governments
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Essential Question: What was the impact of the decisions made at the Congress of Vienna?
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Europe in 1812 (at the height of Napoleon)
…and Norway & Denmark …and Prussia In 1812, Napoleon was the emperor of France …and Warsaw …and Spain …and the Rhine …and Switzerland …and had defeated Austria …and he had conquered Italy
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When Napoleon was defeated in 1815, European leaders met at the Congress of Vienna to restore peace & bring stability to Europe
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Goal 1: was to prevent future French aggression
This was accomplished by taking back all lands conquered by Napoleon & by making the nations around France stronger The Kingdom of the Netherlands was created 39 states joined to form the German Confederation Switzerland became a nation A “buffer zone” was created between France & the major European powers Sardinia merged with Genoa
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Goal 2: was to restore monarchs to power in Europe
This was done by restoring kings in France, Portugal, Spain, & many Italian & German states
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Goal 3: was to maintain a balance of power in Europe
This was done by forming an alliance between Russia, Austria, Prussia, & Britain to maintain peace & stop future revolutions The decisions made at the Congress of Vienna helped maintain peace in Europe for almost 40 years
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In 1848, nationalism swept through Europe sparking revolutions for democracy & forming new nations
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