1. Chapter 8 last part of lecture

2. DNA Microarrays monitor the expression of thousands of genes in one experiment
MOVIE

3. Cluster Analysis used to identify sets of genes that are coordinately regulated
The expression of 8600 genes (Columns) were analyzed under 12 time points. Red represents increase in expression green a decrease relative to untreated cells.

4. Cells can be genetically engineered to carry different types of mutations

5. Embryonic Stem (ES) cells can be genetically engineered and used to make a new animal

6. The genetically engineered ES cells are used to generate a chimeric animal, which is then used to make completely ES-derived animals

7. Chapter 15
Cell Communication

8. Signaling Cascade

9. Receptors can be on the cell surface or within the cell

10. Types of extracellular signaling

11. Types of extracellular signaling cont’d.

12. Endocrine signaling

13. Synaptic Signaling

14. Autocrine signaling

15. Signaling through channels found within the membrane
MOVIE

16. Cells receive multiple stimuli that produce different responses
MOVIE

17. The same ligand can have different effects depending upon the target cell line

18. Steroid hormones are lipophilic and interact with receptors found within the cell

19. Steroid receptors are transcription factors that are activated by binding to their ligand

20. MOVIE

21. MOVIE

22. Signaling cascade serves to amplify the extracellular signal

23. Signaling Pathways from different Receptors overlap “cross-talk”