1. Transition to Land Biomes
AP Biology
Transition to Land Biomes

2. Hadley Cell Model

3. Meristematic Tissues

4. Darwin’s experiment on Phototropism

5. Phytochrome activation

6. Signal Transduction Response

7. Long night plants

8. Short night plants

9. Transpiration

10. Guard Cell operation

11. Amino Acid structure (Remove the amine on the left)

12. Nitrogenous Waste forms

13. Countercurrent Heat Exchange
Canada
goose
Pacific
bottlenose
dolphin
Blood flow
Artery
Vein
Vein
Artery
35°C
33°
30°
27°
20°
18°
10° 9°

14. Internal body temperature
Temperature control
Thermostat in
hypothalamus
activates cooling
mechanisms.
Sweat glands secrete
sweat that evaporates,
cooling the body.
Blood vessels
in skin dilate:
capillaries fill
with warm blood;
heat radiates from
skin surface.
Increased body
temperature (such
as when exercising
or in hot
surroundings)
Body temperature
decreases;
thermostat
shuts off cooling
mechanisms.
Homeostasis:
Internal body temperature
of approximately 36–38°C
Body temperature
increases;
thermostat
shuts off warming
mechanisms.
Decreased body
temperature
(such as when
in cold
surroundings)
Blood vessels in skin
constrict, diverting blood
from skin to deeper tissues
and reducing heat loss
from skin surface.
Thermostat in
hypothalamus
activates
warming
mechanisms.
Skeletal muscles rapidly
contract, causing shivering,
which generates heat.

15. Gas Exchange in Many Forms…
one-celled
amphibians
echinoderms
insects
fish
mammals
endotherm vs. ectotherm
size
cilia
water vs. land •
Endotherms have larger surface area of respiratory surfaces because of their increased metabolic demands.
Gills, trachea, lungs