1. Biomechanical Study of Sternal Closure Using Rigid Fixation Techniques in Human Cadavers 
Wayne Ozaki, MD, Steven R Buchman, MD, Mark D Iannettoni, MD, Elizabeth P Frankenburg, BS 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 65, Issue 6, Pages (June 1998)
DOI: /S (98)

2. Fig 1
(A) 2.3-mm, four-hole titanium alloy straight plate (KLS-Martin L.P., Jacksonville, FL). (B) Customized 2.3-mm, four-hole titanium alloy H (KLS-Martin L.P., Jacksonville, FL).
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )

3. Fig 2
Potted sternum undergoing compression by the uniaxial servohydraulic testing machine (MTS model 810, Minneapolis, MN). The strain gauge is beneath the sternum.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )

4. Fig 3
Phase I: four-hole straight plate versus wire fixation. Lateral displacement is measured in millimeters, stiffness is measured in millimeter−1, and failures are calculated from a total of seven plates.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )

5. Fig 4
Failed four-hole titanium alloy straight plate sternal testing. Wide sternal separation seen.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )

6. Fig 5
Failed wired sternal testing. Wires seem to be pulling through the sternum.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )

7. Fig 6 Successful custom four-holed H plate sternal testing.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )

8. Fig 7
Phase II: four-hole straight plate versus wire fixation. Lateral displacement is measured in millimeters, stiffness is measured in millimeters−1, and failures are calculated from a total of eleven plates.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )