1. Unit 1I Enlightenment: Constitutionalism vs. Absolutism
EQ: What is the Purpose or Responsibility of Government

2. Vocabulary Monarchy – Government ruled by a king or queen
Constitutional Monarchy – Monarchy ruled by an elected assembly and limited by constitutional law
Absolute Monarchy – Government in which the king or queen has total control
Limited Government – government in which power is restricted by the people
Absolutism – system in which total power is placed in the hand of a ruler and his/her advisors
Divine Right – Idea that rulers receive their power directly from God
Parliament – group formed by Edward I to help make laws in England
Magna Carta – Signed by King John in 1215, it established the idea of limited government in Europe for the first time.
English Bill of Rights – Signed by William and Mary, it limited the English monarchy and stated the rights of Parliament and people
Glorious Revolution – Bloodless revolution in which William and Mary became King and Queen of England
Estates General – French assembly of lawmakers banned by Louis XIV
Czar – Russian word for Caesar

3. Magna Carta
King John
Forced by nobles to sign Magna Carta (Great Charter) in 1215
Limits power to tax
Falsely accuse of crime

4. Parliament King Edward I Forms a council to help make decisions
Evolves over time
House of Lords (Nobility and Church)
House of Commons (Middle Class)

6. Spanish Armada
Queen Elizabeth I (Protestant Queen of England) and daughter of Henry VIII
England allows for privateers (state pirates) to raid Spanish shipping
(Think back to Sir Walter Raleigh and the video about Petosi silver mines!)

7. Spanish Armada cont…
Phillip II of Spain wants to support Catholic Mary Queen of Scots (granddaughter of Henry VIII)
Organizes the largest fleet at the time to invade England

8. Spanish Armada cont… Armada sailed into narrow English Channel
Old tactics and bad maneuverability aided Spanish defeat (also weather)
Defeat of Armada allows for England to Colonize New World

9. Stuart Kings Stuart kings believed that their authority came from God
Desired to be free to rule by themselves as European monarchs did
James I
Charles I
Charles II
James II

10. James I
“Kings are not only God’s lieutenants upon earth, and sit on God’s throne, but even by God himself are called gods.”
Quarrels with Parliament
Puritan members of Parliament urged James to “purify” the Church of “popish remnants” including the authority of bishops
James thought a Presbyterian system would threaten the monarchy. “No bishop, no King”
Famous for KJV – King James Version in 1611

11. Charles I 1625-1649 Like father, like son Petition of right – 1628
Believed in Divine Right
Opposed Puritans in favor of Anglican Church (King head of Church)
Petition of right – 1628
In return for $$$, Charles agreed to Parliament petition
No one forced to pay tax without Parliamentary approval
No imprisonment without Due Process
Locks Parliament out “Eleven Years Tyranny”

12. Religion Tensions
Religion is the single most explosive issue in England
Archbishop of Canterbury (highest church official) tried to impose the English Prayer book on Scottish Presbyterian Church
Scots formed an army and occupied northern England

13. Tensions Escalate
Charles needs money to fight the Scots and recalls Parliament into session
Charles attempts to arrest five members of Parliament that were his biggest critics
Action seen as an attack on the people

15. English Civil War 1642-1649 - The Opposition
Oliver Cromwell
Becomes leader of Parliament
Organizes an army of zealous Protestants called the “New Model Army”
Roundheads
Puritans, townspeople, middle class, and Presbyterians
Favored Parliamentary Monarchy and Presbyterianism

16. English Civil War 1642-1649 - The Kings Men
Cavaliers
Aristocratic nobles and church officials loyal to the King
Favored strong monarchy and an Anglican Church

18. Charles I - Beheaded

19. Interregnum Commonwealth/Protectorate Foreign Policy Domestic Policy
Cromwell becomes the “Lord Protector” – dictator of Britain
Foreign Policy
Cromwell brutally crushes royalist uprising in Ireland
Wars against the Dutch
Domestic Policy
Puritans attempted to impose a strict moral code in Britain
Son fails to continue Cromwell reign/legacy

20. Charles II 1660-1685 The Restoration Succession problems
Monarchy, Church of England, and Parliament back in power!
Succession problems
Whigs – deeply suspicious of Catholics (against brother James)
Tories – loyal to monarchy
First English political parties

21. James II 1685-1688 Tried to return England to Catholicism
Heirs to throne
Mary daughter of Protestant first wife
James, Prince of Wales son of Catholic second wife
Another crisis!
Who to choose!?!?!?!

22. English Bill of Rights (pg. 134) Right of the people
Glorious Revolution
William of Orange (Netherlands) and Mary (first daughter of James II) chosen by Parliament
William and Mary agreed to the English Bill of Rights that limited the power of the monarchy
English Bill of Rights (pg. 134)
Right of the people
Rights of Parliament